1) answer these 3 questions using slides uploaded. 2) summarize slides Essay

1) answer these 3 questions using slides uploaded. 2) summarize slides - Essay Example Task-focused approach is directive and consultative as the same time. This is common in universities where the senate makes decisions and communicates them formally through instructions, emails, and memos due to its bureaucratic nature.Managers at low levels may consult to gain commitment of staff. Banks on the other hand, mostly engage in charismatic transformation through directed business process re-engineering. This is because its success is based on how it functions and often needs to restructure processes. Multinational enterprises operate in a dynamic environment hence need to adapt to changes frequently. In this case, it may engage in facilitated as well as directed change styles and its scale of change may vary from fine tuning to corporate transformation. It is therefore likely to engage in turnarounds hence use directive style with some coercion. A good example is the Toyota lean manufaturing technique referred as the Just-in-Time manufacturing and involves eliminating was te in the production process.This type of change may not be applicable to universities which mostly deal with people and not manufacturing processes. There are many factors that can cause organisations to fail in their change initiatives. One key factor is inefficient communication. The way management communicates change determines whether it will be succesful or not as communication is meant to gain engagement and commitment to a cause. The leader needs to explain why change is vital, how they will benefit from it and what will not change so as to minimise anxieties and resistance. Communication also allows the leader to give a vision or direction of where the company is going and what is expected of everyone. In this way, staffs will be commited to the change implementation otherwise they will resist. However, it is not only communication that matters but

Difference Between Bully and Ring Algorithm

Difference Between Bully and Ring Algorithm Compare bully and ring election algorithm Choose or design an algorithms in distributed system is a big challenging issue since past until now. The big challenge is calls for a suitable, efficient and no error election algorithm. Nodes communicate with each other using shared memory and through or via message passing. Coordinator will be the key requirement for nodes to execute or run any distributed task effectively and smoothly. There will be no central controlling node exists in a pure distributed system, every node has to communicate other nodes in the network to make an important decision. During the decision process all nodes will not often make the same decision. All involve the decision-making process and communication between nodes time-consuming. When consistency is needed, among all the nodes Coordination among nodes becomes harder. The main purpose of the leader election is to choose a node as a coordinator. It will act as a leader and coordinate activities of the whole system. A leader in any leader election algorithm is usually chosen based on the node which has the largest identifier. The nodes will reach a state called as terminated state once the leader is selected. There are 2 states which are elected states and non-elected states in the leader election algorithms. When a node enters either state, it always remains in that state. The leader election algorithm has to satisfy liveness condition and safety for an execution. The safety condition requires that only one single node can enter the elected state and it will become the leader of the distributed system. The liveness condition states that every node will eventually enter an elected state or a non-elected state. There are many election algorithms been proposed over the years such as Bully algorithm, Ring algorithm, Chang and Roberts algorithm, Le Lanns algorithm, and Franklins algorithm. All these algorithms require nodes to be directly involved in leader election. Nodes will transmit the messages to one another for exchange information until an agreement is reached. Once a node is been selected as leader, all the nodes will acknowledge the role as that node as leader. Bully algorithm The algorithm was devised by Garcia-Molina in 1982. While one of the process notices that the coordinator is not active, crashed, or responding to requests, it will start an election. Process Q, holds an election as follows: -Q sends a message to all the processes with higher numbers to start the election. -Q wins the election and becomes coordinator if and only if no higher numbers responds. -If there is one of the higher-ups number answers, it takes over. Qs job is finish or done. A process can receive an Election message from any one of its lower-numbered nodes at any moment. The receiver sends a confirmation message back to tell the sender that it is active and will take over when an Election message received. If other processes do not respond, and there is only one then it will become the new coordinator. After that, it will send all processes a message to announce its victory and starting immediately it will be the new coordinator. If a process that was down before but come back up, it will hold an election. If it happens to be the highest-numbered process among other currently running processes, it will win the election then will become leader and take over the coordinators job. Process 4 holds an election Process 5 and 6 respond, telling 4 to stop Now 5 and 6 each hold an election Process 6 tells 5 to stop Process 6 wins and tells everyone Modified Bully Algorithm In Bully algorithm, the number of message be exchanged between processes is very high. Thus, this Modified Bully Algorithm been devised to reduce the heavy traffic in network. Besides to reduce the heavy traffic flow in network, the number of stages is decreased from at most five stages to at most four stages. The algorithm has following steps: 1st step When process Q notices coordinator had crashed, it will start an election. 2nd step Q will send Election message to all other processes with higher priority numbers when Q find out that the coordinator was crashed. 3rd step All the processes that receives message which with higher priority process than Q will send OK message back to process Q with its unique priority number. 4th step If no processes responses to process Q, Q will broadcast one Coordinator message to all processes to declare itself as a coordinator. In vice versa, process Q will select the process Q with the highest priority number as coordinator and then send to it the GRANT message. 5th step Coordinator process will broadcast message to all the processes and informs them that itself as a coordinator at this stage. 6th step After the process with higher number compare to coordinator is up, modified Bully algorithm is run immediately. It does not have the drawback of Bully algorithm which has high number of message passing. If a higher priority number process crashes after sending it priority number to Q, Process Q will send GRANT message to it meaning that itself is the highest process and Q waits for broadcasting coordinator message else it will continue run the modified Bully algorithm. After a certain time or period, process Q does not receives any Coordinator message, it will repeat the algorithm again. Thus, this algorithm is efficient and safe to use for select the coordinator. Figure 2 The modified Bully election algorithm Process 2 holds an election. Processes 3, 4, 5 and 6 respond, telling its unique priority number. Now 3 comparing the priority number and select the highest process (process 6) and send a message to its (GRANT). Process 6 tell to everyone that it is coordinator. Token Ring algorithm Token ring algorithm is totally different with Bully algorithm. It achieves mutual exclusion by creating a bus network of processes in distributed system. It does not have a real ring in the network but a logical ring is constructed with all processes and all processes are assigned a position in the ring. All the processes know who is before them and next after them in the line. Token Ring algorithm works: 1st step: Process 6 is down. 2nd step: Process 3 notices that Process 6 does not respond. So it starts an election, sending a message containing its id to the next node in the ring. 3rdstep: Process 5 passes the message on, adding its own id to the message. 4th step: Process 0 passes the message on, adding its own id to the message. 5th step: Process 1 passes the message on, adding its own id to the message. 6th step: Process 4 passes the message on, adding its own id to the message. 7th step: When Process 3 receives the message back, it knows the message has gone around the ring, as its own id is in the list. Picking the highest id in the list, it starts the coordinator message 5 is the leader around the ring. 8th step: Process 5 passes on the coordinator message. 9th step: Process 0 passes on the coordinator message. 10th step: Process 1 passes on the coordinator message. 11th step: Process 4 passes on the coordinator message. Process 3 receives the coordinator message, and stops it. Modified Token Ring algorithm This algorithm is modified from Token Ring algorithm. It is modified to reduce the number of message passing and additional message being sent to the elected leader. When the leader has crashed and been noticed by a node, it will send its ID number to the node next to it in the ring. It is not necessary for all nodes to send their IDs into the ring. The receiving node compares the received ID with its own, and forwards whichever is the greatest at this moment. But this comparison is done by all the nodes such that only the greatest ID remains in the ring. After that, the greatest ID will return to the initial node. It declares itself as the leader by sending a coordinate message into the ring if the received ID equals that of the initial sender. This method will dramatically reduce the overhead involved in message passing. Besides that, if there is many nodes notice the leader crashed or absence at the same time, only the message of greatest ID node circulates in the ring and it will prevent the smaller IDs from being sent message in the ring. Modified Token Ring algorithm works: Nodes 2 and 4 notice that the coordinator has crashed simultaneously They send their IDs into the ring The greatest ID always remain in the ring The greatest ID keep passing in the ring 5 is declared as the leader Advantages and limitation algorithms Bully algorithm and Modified Bully algorithm Both of these algorithms have almost the same advantages. They can always check the liveness of the leader by the assumption of message delivery. The process is chosen as the non-crashed process at the end of the run with the largest process number if no process is replaced. It is impossible for two processes to decide which coordinator among them is, since the process with the lower number will discover that the other exits and defer to it. However, Modified Bully algorithm has another advantage that Bully algorithm does not have. That is the lower traffic passing. It reduce the traffic in the message communicate passing compare to Bully algorithm. It does not let the lower numbered process involve in the election but just higher numbered process. It also will send a GRANT message to the process which wins in the election. Then the process which wins will announce the message that declares itself as leader to all the nodes. It is more less traffic flow in the process and it is much better than Bully algorithm. The Bully algorithm also suffers from many shortcomings. This algorithm is not guaranteed to meet the safety condition if processes that had crashed and replaced by processes with the same number. A process that replaces the crashed process Q may decide which has the highest number just as another process has decided that it has the highest number. Both of them will announce themselves as the coordinator in a same time. But unfortunately, there are no guarantees on message passing order, and the recipients of these messages may give out different conclusion on which is the coordinator process. The condition may be broken if the assumed timeout values turn out to be accurate. That means if the processes failure detector is unreliable. Token Ring algorithm and Modified Token Ring algorithm Token Ring and Modified Token Ring algorithm are having very special routing. It is totally different with the Bully algorithm. They know the process next to them and just passing the message to the process which next to them. It is much more simple compare to other algorithm. They just need to take the information from beside, add the value and pass to another side. The message passing traffic is very much lower than other algorithms. This is because they just pass the information to the next process after that no more communicate with other processes. This reason make the algorithm become much easier to carry out. Compare with the bully algorithm which need keep communicate with all the process, Token Ring just need the message passing around the ring and know all the information about which one process having the higher numbered process. After that, the process can decide after compare and get the highest numbered process. Then, it just needs passing a decision message around the ring to announce or declare the leader in the ring. Meanwhile, the token ring and modified token ring also have their different. Token ring needs add up the information when the leader is crashed or down. Then the message or information will keep pass and to next process and the process will add its own ID into the message and passed to the process next to it. It will keep on going until the message reaches the process which starts the election process. Hence, the process will compare the information then announce the new leader by passing the coordinator message to the next process and keep on passing it in the ring. But the modified token ring will have slightly different. When the process notice the leader is crashed and start the election, the information message passing will start. When the message passing in the ring, it will compare the results collect from the processes. In the comparison, the highest numbered processs ID only will remain stay in the information message. Those smaller numbered processes ID will be deleted or will not be put inside the information message. When the information message finish a round, it will straight away start announce or pass the coordinator message to all the process for the new leader been selected. It is much easier and simple for the information message. All the comparison will be done when the new ID want to add into the information message. It not just save the time and no need wait until the end just compares the information that get from all processes. It also make the information message smaller and the message passing consumed less time to pass to the next process. The limitations for Token Ring and Modified Token Ring algorithm are they both also consumed a lot of time in message passing. It needs to pass and get the information message. It will take a round to get all the information. For those smaller processes, they also need to involve in the passing message process even they also would not been selected as a leader. It will take much more time compare with other algorithms. After the leader had been selected, the coordinator message also needs to pass around all the processes in the ring. The coordinator message will not pass to all the processes at once but it will pass from one to another one. All these processes really consumed and waste a lot of time compare with other algorithms. Besides above limitation, the message passing around the ring sometimes also will miss. When the information or coordinator message passing around the ring, it will possible loss or miss out. After that, it need take time to been noticed and regenerate the information message passing. Hence, the message needs to restart pass among the processes. This make the process for the election for leader consumed longer than other algorithms. Algorithms analysis In modified Bully Algorithm, if a single node detects the coordinator is crashed, N (i) with an order of O (n) is obtained as follows: The order of message passing increase to O(n2) with fault tolerance as follows: Where i is the selected leader ID number. The bully algorithm against the Modified Bully algorithm has been plots for the case when one node notices that the coordinator has crashed. From the graph, the traffic for the Bully algorithm from the beginning is much higher than modified Bully algorithm. Hence it keeps decrease when the process ID noticed increased. Meanwhile, the modified Bully algorithm is having a nearly constant for number of message passing. This shows that the traffic in the modified Bully algorithm is much less than Bully algorithm. That means modified Bully algorithm is better than Bully algorithm and has lower traffic flow when election happens. In Token Ring algorithm, the number of message passed with an order of O (n2) is: For the modified Token Ring algorithm is: The number of messages passed reduced and the complexity is much lower. From the graph above, the number of message passing in the ring for the Token Ring algorithm keep increase when the number of processes notices that the coordinator has crashed. But for the modified Token Ring algorithm, the number of message passing in the ring has not much different compare to non-modified. This shows that the traffic flow in the ring for modified ring is much lower than non modified. Conclusion Leader election algorithms play an important role in distributed system. The modified Bully algorithm and Modified Token Ring algorithm are efficient and easier to implement in all cases if compare to the existing one. But, still need a lot of improvement have to be done so that the algorithms can be more safety and efficient in the electing the coordinator in distributed system.

THE SECOND COMING BY WILLIAM YEATS Essay -- essays research papers

William Butler Yeats, a multitalented individual won the Nobel Prize in 1923. Born the son of a well known Irish painter and religious skeptic had many influences in his life. Eventually, he converted to Paganism from Christianity. He is till this day considered one of the greatest poets that ever lived. To understand the meaning of William Butler Yeats poem â€Å"The Second Coming†, you must first understand the difference between Christianity and Paganism. Yeats was raised as a Christian and turned to pagan mysticism later in his life. Therefore, we can find the subject of this poem by tracing his flow of thought through Christianity up to the point when he diverged from it. Christianity is based around the soul. The soul becomes healthy by its removal from the sin, which it inherits in the world. A healthy or virtuous soul is close to God by contact with the Holy Spirit. The Holy Spirit can be considered the spirit of God on earth. Jesus Christ is thought to be the embodiment of the Holy Spirit, therefore the embodiment of virtue. In contrast, Pagans worship the spirit of earth as a god, believing it to be the ultimate force, which is neither good nor evil. The religion states the more base human tendencies that Christians would call sinful would be glorified as the reflections of nature. These would include pursuits of pleasure, luxury, or sexual gratification. Many modern pagans especially the ones Yeats associated with do not dispute the ideas of Christianity concerning God but they do not worship him. Early leaders of this movement, like Alister Crowley, with whom Yeats was associated with considered themselves Satanists in this right since Christians equate the spirit of the world with the devil. Yeats was certainly a Christian at some point in his life and makes allusions to Christian faith in â€Å"The Second Coming†, which would indicate that he lends some credence to it, so we can assume that he took the Satanist point of view. As the world turned towards paganism so did Yeats. The poem, while on one level is an earnest description of the change that is occurring to mankind, it is also an earnest illustration of his change to paganism. The opening eight lines illustrate the strife Yeats had seen in his lifetime from a Christian point of view. They describe man as moving away from God in a desperate tone, obviously not written by a pagan. Upon his cries to... ... Alliteration â€Å"surely some†, â€Å"stony sleep†. Onomatopoeia is also on display â€Å"vexed†, â€Å"slouches†. The piece also includes some simile â€Å"blank and pitiless as the sun†, and metaphor â€Å"stony sleep†. The tone is set early on in the poem. It opens with a neutral tone; the non-realistic imagery makes the opening disengaged. The impact of the first two lines is not lent by tone, but by their peculiarity and imagery. The sense of devastation that pervades the poem is introduced in the second part, it is explicitly stated that â€Å"things fall apart†, and this is further emphasized by the words â€Å"anarchy†, â€Å"blood-dimmed tide†, â€Å"passionate intensity†. However, the poem itself, which is so far dealing in abstractions, lacks this passionate intensity. Its tone could be described as anxious. In conclusion, â€Å"The Second Coming† is about William Butler Yeats belief in Paganism. He vividly describes this religion and compares it to Christianity in his poem. This message although hidden can be uncovered through careful analysis and patient reading. This poem is Yeats way of telling people that the world will start to switch to paganism and as he already did at the time of writing this great piece of work.

Field Hockey Essay

I’ve never been known to be athletic. Most of my friends are quite the athletes and many of them are at D1 schools playing what they’re good at. Typically, athletes begin at a very young age and become skilled at their sport. Unfortunately, I was not raised to be an athlete; my parents never enforced it and at the time I never asked. It bothers me that they never thought of letting me try soccer, basketball, swimming, or gymnastics. However, I took matters into my own hands and tried out for Field Hockey. Picking up a sport at a young age is probably easier than picking it up your sophomore year in high school. I was influenced by many of my friends who I met my freshman year to try out. They had been playing field hockey since they were in the sixth grade. I decided to give it a shot since my friends said they were willing to help me out and teach me. Also because my childhood best friend, Caitlyn, was also trying out. My friend, Emily Cole, is a field hockey goddess to everyone who knows the sport. She is one of the best in the nation and knowing she would be there to help me get the hang of it was comforting. Once pre-season rolled around, I thought I knew what I was getting myself into. I don’t think I have ever been that sore in my life but once we started the season I was playing at the Junior Varsity level. I felt out of place because my friends were on Varsity. At one point during the season Caitlyn was a swinger playing both Varsity and Junior Varsity. It was a wakeup call, I could not believe she was playing with the Varsity team when both she and I had just started playing this sport together, I felt envious. It made me realize that nothing will ever get handed to you and that if you want something you have to go after it. My whole sophomore year, I worked on my stick work and learned the rules. I promised myself that I would be on the varsity team the upcoming season. Summer 2010, I would go running every day and work on everything I needed improvement on. I would remind myself about what it felt like not being on the Varsity team. During pre-season I proved to the Varsity coach that I did have what it took to be on the team. My original mile time was ten minutes my sophomore year. That year it was under seven minutes. Coach A was never the one to show any type of emotion but I knew she was proud. After a week of pre-season, we had to have practice indoors because it was raining and it was also the day Coach A had the uniforms out. She told us to stretch out and that meant practice was over. We all sat and stretched out and she said, â€Å"Returning varsity from last year, grab your uniform† and once every one had grabbed their uniform she said, â€Å"Gabby, you can go pick your number† I had never been so content! It felt amazing knowing that I finally had a spot on a team and even though I’ve never been much of an athlete, I did it. Once the season began, I was ready to play at the varsity level. My JV coach would always try to coach me because he knew that I had potential to be better than what I was demonstrating. I played left forward and playing left forward as a righty wasn’t easy. In order to be good at that position, you had to know where to place your stick at the right time to get a deflection into the goal. Field hockey is a sport in where you have to be aggressive which was what I lacked. The few times that Coach A gave me the opportunity to show her what I was about didn’t work out to my favor. I would miss balls that my nine year old brother could stop. That year I did not start and despite how much fun it was bonding with the older girls it wasn’t sitting on the bench. Our 2010 Field hockey team went undefeated and won a State Championship title. We did receive rings that year but it never felt right wearing that ring because as much as I was on the team I felt like I never did anything to deserve it. That year made me question why I even bothered in the first place. The rest of the school year, I put a lot of thought into whether or not I should try out for the team next year. I never once thought positive about the upcoming year, I felt used and not needed on the team. Most of my friends on the Varsity team were graduating and the only one left was Emily, the all-star. Therefore I could not settle to play like an average plater, I was expected to step up. It was my senior year, why go through all that trouble and quit? I wasn’t sure returning the upcoming season was the best idea but I did it anyway. I could not allow myself to quit knowing I had made it that far. Every day after practice, I would ask Emily to stay and help me whether it was with conditioning or stick work. I had no other option but to step up and help my team. There were finally spots which I could fill in for; the only problem was they were big shoes to fill in. I knew that if I wanted to start this year, I would have to put aside all of my fears and work harder than ever before. In the beginning of the season I did not start. At that point, I was on the verge of just quitting because it was clear that everything I was doing was not working. It wasn’t that my coach didn’t believe in me, it was obvious I didn’t believe in myself. My team and I entered post season undefeated. Our coach always said that depending on how your warm up goes that’s how you will play. My warm up went fairly well that day and my coach decided to put me in. I knew that this game was important and I had to leave all of my emotions on the bench. We were down by two and Emily had got a hold of the ball in the circle, I ran to where I was supposed to be on the right post at the right time with the right angle and it deflected into the goal so perfectly. It was one of the best feelings I had ever felt. I remember my team jumping on top of me and my coach yelling, â€Å"I knew you could do it!’ I felt so much more confident and a sense of relief. It made me realize why I was playing and why I didn’t quit. As the season went on I was so glad that I had made the right decision, I became one of the leading top scorers and became part of the starting lineup for the rest of the season. We kept our title by winning another State Championship. This time around I was proud to wear the ring that was given to us. Every year after our season ends we have a banquet where our coach gives us all a little gift and talks about each one of us. I remember Coach A saying she was so proud of who I had become on the field and knew all along I had it in me. All I could say to her was thank you for being the coach that she was and believing in me. This experience taught me that nothing comes easy. There are things that you will go after but never fully grasp. It taught me that in life not everything goes your way. You will get pushed to the ground but it is up to you if you get up and keep fighting. Even though Field hockey was never on my list of sports that I wish I had played, I’m so grateful for the friends I met who pushed me into playing this sport. It just goes to show that you can really do anything you set your mind to. It just depends on your attitude and how you go about the things that are thrown at you. Many people take the easy way out and just quit but holding on even though the road is rocky for most of the way is true ambition. It all depends on the kind of person you are or want to become. My coach always said, â€Å"Quitters never win and winners never quit.†

The Components of a Decision Support System

(i)Data Management Component. The data management component performs the function of storing and maintaining the information that you want your Decision Support System to use. The data management component, therefore, consists of both the Decision Support System information and the Decision Support System database management system. The information you use in your Decision Support System comes from one or more of three sources: Organizational information: One may want to use virtually any information available in the organization for your Decision Support System. What you use, of course, depends on what you need and whether it is available.You can design your Decision Support System to access this information directly from your company’s database and data warehouse. However, specific information is often copied to the Decision Support System database to save time in searching through the organization’s database and data warehouses. External information: Some decisions r equire input from external sources of information. Various branches of federal government, Dow Jones, Compustat data, and the internet, to mention just a few, can provide additional information for the use with a Decision Support System.Personal information:You can incorporate your own insights and experience your personal information into your Decision Support System. You can design your Decision Support System so that you enter this personal information only as needed, or you can keep the information in a personal database that is accessible by the Decision Support System. (ii)Model Management Component. The model management component consists of both the Decision Support System models and the Decision Support System model management system. A model is a representation of some event, fact, or situation.As it is not always practical, or wise, to experiment with reality, people build models and use them for experimentation. Models can take various forms. Businesses use models to rep resent variables and their relationships. For example, you would use a statistical model called analysis of variance to determine whether newspaper, TV, and billboard advertizing are equally effective in increasing sales. Decision Support Systems help in various decision-making situations by utilizing models that allow you to analyze information in many different ways.The models you use in a Decision Support System depend on the decision you are making and, consequently, the kind of analysis you require. For example, you would use what-if analysis to see what effect the change of one or more variables will have on other variables, or optimization to find the most profitable solution given operating restrictions and limited resources. Spreadsheet software such as excel can be used as a Decision Support System for what-if analysis. The model management system stores and maintains the Decision Support System’s models.Its function of managing models is similar to that of a databa se management system. The model management component can not select the best model for you to use for a particular problem that requires your expertise but it can help you create and manipulate models quickly and easily. (iii)User Interface Management Component. The user interface management component allows you to communicate with the Decision Support System. It consists of the user interface management system. This is the component that allows you to combine your know-how with the storage and processing capabilities of the computer.The user interface is the part of the system you see through it when enter information, commands, and models. This is the only component of the system with which you have direct contract. If you have a Decision Support System with a poorly designed user interface, if it is too rigid or too cumbersome to use, you simply won’t use it no matter what its capabilities. The best user interface uses your terminology and methods and is flexible, consiste nt, simple, and adaptable. For an example of the components of a Decision Support System, let’s onsider the Decision Support System that Land’s End has tens of millions of names in its customer database. It sells a wide range of women’s, men’s, and children’s clothing, as well various household wares. To match the right customer with the catalog, land’s end has identified 20 different specialty target markets. Customers in these target markets receive catalogs of merchandise that they are likely to buy, saving Lands’ End the expense of sending catalogs of all products to all 20 million customers.To predict customer demand, lands’ end needs to continuously monitor buying trends. And to meet that demand, lands’ end must accurately forecast sales levels. To accomplish theses goals, it uses a Decision Support System which performs three tasks: Data management: The Decision Support System stores customer and product informati on. In addition to this organizational information, Lands’ End also needs external information, such as demographic information and industry and style trend information.Model management: The Decision Support System has to have models to analyze the information. The models create new information that decision makers need to plan product lines and inventory levels. For example, Lands’ End uses a statistical model called regression analysis to determine trends in customer buying patterns and forecasting models to predict sales levels. User interface management: A user interface enables Lands’ End decision makers to access information and to specify the models they want to use to create the information they need.

Complete List of High School Electives

Complete List of High School Electives SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Are you thinking about high school electives and wondering what your options are? Unlike required courses, electives are classes you choose based on your interests. Most high schools offer electives that cover a wide variety of topics, so you're sure to find some that interest you! This list was created by compiling the elective options from numerous high schools across the country. A variety of schools were used including public, private, large and small schools in order to create a complete list of high school electives. How to Use This List This list is intended to give you an introduction to all the possible electives you may come across as a high school student. You can use it as a starting point for doing more in-depth research of your own school's electives. Read through the list below, making note of any course names that seem particularly interesting. Then, grab a copy of your school's course catalog (ask your guidance counselor if you don't know where to find it), and look to see which of the electives you found interesting are offered by your school. Read through the course descriptions if necessary because electives can have different names depending on the school offering them, even if they cover essentially the same topic (for example, the culinary arts class listed below could also be called cooking, foods, or something similar). Mark the interesting electives you find in your course catalog as potential classes to take in the future. Also, because this list organizes electives by category, you can see which categories have the most interesting electives for you. While electives don’t include all topics covered in a specific field, if you marked, for example, a lot of the science electives as potentially interesting topics to study, you may want to think about continuing to study science in college. Being interested in your classes is one of the best way to get higher grades and enjoy what you’re learning. Now that you have the complete list, are you wondering how to choose which electives to take? We have a guide for that! Read through it to learn how many electives you'll be able to take and how to choose electives that are both interesting and will strengthen your college applications! What If Your School Doesn't Offer an Elective Listed Below? It would be impossible for any single school to offer every elective on this list; there are simply too many. Schools choose which electives to offer based on a number of factors including location, student population, resources available, teacher expertise, and student interest. If you are interested in one of the electives on this list but don't see it offered in your school's course catalog, you can take the following actions: Talk to your guidance counselor or department head. The elective may be under a different name than the one listed below, or your school may offer a similar course. If there is no comparable course and you are really interested in the subject, talk to your guidance counselor and see if it’s possible for you to do an independent study or take the course at a local community college. The Complete List of Electives Business Accounting Business law Business management Consumer education Entrepreneurial skills Introduction to business Marketing Personal finance Computer Science/Information Technology Animation App development Audio production Computer programming Computer repair Film production Graphic design Media technology Music production Typing Video game development Web design Web programming Word processing Family and Consumer Science Chemistry of foods CPR training Culinary arts Early childhood development Early childhood education Family studies Fashion and retail merchandising Fashion construction Home economics Interior design Nutrition Want to build the best possible college application? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in. Foreign Language American Sign Language Ancient Greek Arabic Chinese French German Hebrew Italian Japanese Korean Latin Portuguese Russian Spanish You might even learn all the Dutch names of the Chinese zodiac signs! 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Negative Impact of Technology Essay Example

Negative Impact of Technology Essay Example Negative Impact of Technology Essay Negative Impact of Technology Essay Technology and threats have a lot in common. The negative impact of technology on society has left no stone unturned in proving this statement right. Lets get acquainted with more in the following write-up It is appallingly obvious our technology has exceeded our humanity. ~ Albert Einstein When I was a kid, we had a social life, and it was called outside. And look at todays kids Facebook, PlayStations, iPhones, Blackberries, and not to forget, television sets with 300 channels. My grandmother used to say, one day when technology would hover, humans would stop thinking before acting.This statement makes much of a sense, and why not? Technology has sidelined patience from our lives. Every second that passes by is making us all the more dependent on technology. Some may call it a bliss, but some differ. They may agree to the fact that technology has eased up life, but they also believe that it has cast differences between us and our close ones. Think of it, with the help of Internet technology, we no longer meet our loved ones in person, who may be living in the same town as we are. Instead, we call, chat, or e-mail them.Whats more, we become anxious when the coffee machine takes a millisecond more in dispensing the coffee. We become fretful when a song takes a minute extra to get downloaded. Impatient as weve become, we humans might have eradicated this thing called waste of time, but many of us are still unaware of the stupefying negative impact of technologys ubiquity in our life. Agriculture, business, media, etc. are some fields where technology has proved its mettle, but at the same time, the dreadfully negative consequences that it has led us to are worth a concern.So, why always talk about the positive impacts of technology on our society? Its time to get real, and face the negatives too. The following bunch of words is an attempt towards understanding it all. Negative Impact of Technology on Communication Hi-tech gadgets, fast pace, computer games, mic rowaved food, and not to ignore, instant communication this is what technology has bestowed upon us. However, have we paid attention to our lifestyles? Do you know you have your wife and kids waiting for you to come back from the office after a long day, and spend time with you? But what do you do?The moment you step into the house, you switch on your laptop, and start checking mails, Facebook, and other latest updates. And if thats over, you have the television waiting earnestly for you to switch it on. When do you talk to your family? This is how we define relaxation today. The ultimate bliss! You might be friends with a thousand people on a social-networking site, but ask yourself, how many of them actually have a face-to-face interaction with you? I do agree that technology and Internet access have rendered ease to communication methods, and it allows us to stay connected 247.However, till when? Its ironic that even though we have lunch with our family, were busy browsing our B lackberry! And of course, that means that were a close-knit family, doesnt it? Negative Impact of Technology on Education Funny as it may sound, Google is God for students. Many of you might have stumbled upon this page hunting on what to write as an essay on Negative Impact of Technology on Education and Society. Well, there you have it all, a full-fledged essay. Yes, I do agree that there isnt a source of information better than the Internet, and perhaps, can never be.However, dont you think it has made students extremely lethargic? Consider college assignments. Today, in most of the schools and colleges, students are supposed to submit college assignments online. As a result, students spend a good hour searching for the best stuff on this platform that has virtually every information in this world. Ctrl+C, Ctrl+V, Ctrl+S assignment done. The negative impact of technology on students is known universally. Kids today know more than anyone about the latest gadgets, gizmos, etc.Well, even I would like to confess that I know more about the latest cell phones than my dad does! Kids know how to operate them, play games in it, and get used to them. Gone are those days when leisure time was about creative recreational activities. Video games, PlayStations, iPhones, and Androids are the new thing! And then we blame ourselves for not being creative enough. I totally support the fact that information technology has made our life unbelievably easy. Yes, it has. However, every revolution has its adversities associated.We cannot savor technology optimally if we close our eyes to the negatives. The negative impact of technology on human life is hard to express here in a single write-up. Nevertheless, I would just like to conclude by saying that, an accomplishment is savored only when there are no strings of pain or stress attached to it. We might have the latest technology serving us big time, but unknowingly, we might be missing out on those teeny-weeny moments of happine ss that life bestows on us. Correct me if you must.