How the Industrial Revolution Affected the World Essay

The Industrial Revolution was the main contributor of the development of factories and modern day machinery. The Industrial Revolution created hundreds of new jobs, influenced many new inventions, and created many new ways of creating and transporting goods. Many jobs including spinners, miners, factory workers, and farmers were beginning to rise in population, due to the new technology being created in the 18th and 19th centuries. The start of new inventions coming into view was beginning in Britain, with many agricultural tools creating new ways to plow and yield crops. Later on, it caused new forms of transportation to be developed, for example, railroads and canals. This essay will explain exactly how these causes began, and how they†¦show more content†¦The coal seams ran under the higher ground to the north. The Dukes land agent, John Gilbert, saw that it was possible to connect the canal directly to the mines by way of an underground canal. This in turn could be used to help with draining the mines, providing a source of water for the canal.† Canals changed the way we collected goods, and they made it much more facile to transport them. In addition with the invention of the steam engine came the steam locomotive. As the development of steam engines progressed through the 18th century, various attempts were made to apply them to road and railway us. In 1812 Matthew Murray was the first to build a successful steam locomotive, and it hauled 27 carts of around 95 tonnes at 3 mph. Accompanied with this came Richard Trevithick’s 40 psi steam locomotive, The Penydarren Locomotive, â€Å"the worlds first ever railway journey that ran 9 miles from the ironworks at Penydarren to the Merthyr-Cardiff Canal, South Wales.† This creation lead to many more innovations, which will lead to speedy land travel for goods and products. Around when the Industrial Revolution began, agriculture began to take a turn in it’s way of harvesting cr ops. New techniques of growing and tending crops spread across Europe in the 1700s. â€Å"The improved yield of the agricultural sector can be attributed to the enclosure movement and to improved techniques and practices developed during thisShow MoreRelatedSecond Industrial Revolution1000 Words   |  4 PagesSecond US Industrial Revolution, 1870 -1910 Darris Adkins Abstract In this brief paper, a description of two developments of industrialization that positively affected the United States and two developments that negatively affected the United States will be discussed. An analysis of whether or not industrialization was generally beneficial or detrimental to the lives of Americans and the history of the United States will be outlined. Second US Industrial Revolution, 1870 -1910 In this briefRead MoreImpact Of The Industrial Revolution On Capitalism And The Contemporary Society Essay1625 Words   |  7 PagesThe impact of the Industrial Revolution on Capitalism and the Contemporary Society, When looking into the past during the Industrial Revolution, there were many cause and effect events that occurred, the Industrial Revolution changed the lives of many, these changes in society were caused by the innovations of the time period, and the need for a more productive environment. There was a movement from an agricultural society to a manufacturing society; these changes affected the family’s abilityRead MoreEssay on Industrial Revolution1489 Words   |  6 Pagesgradually the rest of the worlds development, that would lead to radical changes in peoples lives, working relations and environment. Industrial revolution was so fundamental that it’s often compared with the transition from farming to stock raising, which began several thousand years before the birth of Christ. Considering the uses of natural resources, can human history be dived up into three pieces of varying length; hundreds of thousands years before â€Å"the agricultural revolution†, thousands of yearsRead MoreHow Greed Affects The Lives Of People935 Words   |  4 PagesIt is hard to believe how greed affects the lives of people. Often people do not realize that money and power are not everything in life. During the Industrial Revolution many people let their lives be heavily manipulated by their material wants rather than their needs. As a result they were often unhappy with the lives they had while others were in abundance of happiness. Charles Dickens lived during the Industrial Revolution and knew what life was like during those times (BBC - Primary HistoryRead MoreIndustrial Revolution Af ter The Civil War956 Words   |  4 Pages The Inusterial Revolution after the Civil War Between 18-19th centuries after the Civil War, a chain of events occurred that brought about several changes in the way that people lived and worked in the United States.This period ranges from the time when cities started growing rapidly because human hand labor was drastically changed to machine labor. These events started the American Industrial Revolution, which later affected African American socially, economically and politically. However, manyRead MoreEffects of Industrialization and Imperialism Essay1567 Words   |  7 PagesWORLD HISTORY RESEARCH PAPER Effects of Industrialization and Imperialism Unit 6: Imperialism World History Honors / Block #6 Due: April 16, 2013 Therefore, one must understand how throughout the times of Imperialism, and Industrial Revolution, aspects such as working conditions, population expansion and colonial enhancement prove why advancements were beneficial to the modern world in the long run. â€Æ' The Industrial Revolution marked a time in history when advancements in technologyRead MoreThe Effects of the Industrial Revolution on Society Essay770 Words   |  4 PagesFrank Garrido THE EFFECTS OF THE NDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION ON SOCIETY The Industrial Revolution changed the ways by how the world produced its goods. It was the era when the use of power-driven machines was developed. It also changed our societies from a mainly agricultural society to one in which industry and manufacturing was in control. This had many effects on people’s lives. The Industrial Revolution first got its start in Great Britain, during the 18th century. It was inevitable thatRead MoreIndustrial Revolution Essay1189 Words   |  5 Pages Several major events in Europe have affected the way of life for people all over the world. First, the Industrial Revolution is very important. As briefly discussed in Question One, the Industrial Revolution was a time when steam-powered machines and factories came into view instead of just agriculture. The Industrial Revolution brought many things. First, machines and systems were made to replace traditional farming, this meant fewer people were needed on farms which results in more jobs beingRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution : The World Into The Forward And Advanced World We Live1387 Words   |  6 PagesThe Industrial Revolution was vital in shaping the world into the forward and advanced world we live in now. The Industrial Revolution started in 18th century England, pushing England towards becoming one of the most industrialized nations in the world. This revolution opened up many opportunities for people in terms of work as well as the increase of product consumption, however, discrimination and oppression occurred, specifically of women. Throughout the world, especially in England, women wereRead MoreMass Production Affects Conflicts With Society, Business And International Affairs907 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Industrial Revolution, the role of government was to keep the peace (or fight wars), maintain civil order and enforce law. By the progressive era, government in addition accepted some responsibility for regulating the economy and caring for the needy. The concept of economic policy had been born. Anti-trust laws and civil rights laws now existed. In Europe, the labor movement began during the industrial revolution, when agricultural jobs declined and employment moved to more industrial areas

The New Age Day Of The Wild - 1045 Words

The new age day of the wild, became the wilder, and now it has become the wildest of the west. Texas lawmakers have in recent years propagated the statewide concept among their constituents here in Texas that open carry under the 2nd amendment has a plausibility toward ameliorating the typology of violence each community has been inundated by. It has brought trepidation into people of walking down a street and getting shot at. The question is? Did the state lawmakers did not cogitate on the consequences of this bill before they determined it to be a safety net, or was it merely an act of provocation of asking for unwarranted trouble by the open carry law? This decision is also racially biased, and only continues to foment the unabating praetorian behaviour of police toward minorities along with women. By the harassment of unjustified stops, the iniquitous line of illicit questions is directed toward minorities, and women alike. However without the attitude that predispos es minorities, and women alike to react irrationally when confronted by the law just because they are carrying a weapon. This bill has a double entendre of what open carry really is. There has been a substantial number of police shootings in Dallas, Texas, Dallas Police Chief David Brown said, We re hurting, http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/07/08/485220431/were-hurting-dallas-police-chief-david-brown-says in a Friday morning news conference. Our profession isShow MoreRelatedCall Of The Wild : A Zeitgeist Of Naturalism1243 Words   |  5 PagesJack London’s The Call of the Wild is a novel written during the literary era of Naturalism. It is about a pampered dog, Buck, who was thrown into the Alaskan wilderness and becomes part of a team of sled dogs. Eventually, he becomes the leader of a wolf pack. Naturalism takes place during a time in America known as the Gilded Age. During the Gilded Age, the ideas of Social Darwinism take hold. Social Darwinism is â€Å"a t erm scholars use to describe the practice of misapplying the biological evolutionaryRead MoreChimpanzees and Tool Use1322 Words   |  6 Pagesancestor causes humans to be curious about these creatures. As discussed in Jane Goodall’s video Among the Wild Chimpanzees we were once considered to be human because of our use of tools but once we observed these non-human primates using tools, this perception was changed forever. The question now at hand is if having the chimpanzees that we study in captivity makes a difference between studying wild chimps. These interesting creatures can be found naturally in the rainforests of Africa. DevelopmentRead MoreInto the Wild: an Analysis of Who Jack Londonwas to Chris Mccandless1113 Words   |  5 PagesThe Call of the Wild and Wild Fang, both of which Chris McCandless read. The Call of the Wild, which is one of his most read book, and considered one of his best was published in 1903. White Fang was published in 1906. It was first serialized in a magazine before it became a novel. They both have animals as central characters. One returns to the wild and the other comes from the wild. Jack London wrote a lot about survival against the environment. At the age of 17, heRead MoreThe Case Of Sea World1589 Words   |  7 Pagesthe park. The rumor Sea World has advertised to the public is that all creatures are rescued from the wild when injured and taken in to be rehabilitated (Killer Whales In Captivity). Currently, there are no official records of injured whales getting nursed to health but instead the exact opposite (Save The Whales). The killer whales are hijacked from their mothers as infants and taken to their new prison of a home (Killer Whale Controversy). If the thought of being kidnapped can petrify anyone, whyRead MoreAnalysis Of Jon Krakauer s Into The Wild1555 Words   |  7 Pages Jack Sellas Period 2 ERWC Cagley December 9, 2014 Life on the Road? In Jon Krakauer’s Into the Wild, A young man named Chris McCandless decides to escape the annoyance of his current life and live on the road, he pursues an incredible journey of adventure, danger and companionship. McCandless is a narcissist and believes that he can overcome any challenges that he faces because he is independent and is smarter than the average person. Krakauer emphasizes that arrogance will lead to failure in life;Read MoreOrcas in SeaWorld941 Words   |  4 Pagestremendously intelligent, socially complex, and family oriented animals. Studying them in captivity, and at the same time in the wild, we have learned enough about them to realize that orcinus orcas do not belong in captivity and the confinement of these animals is very hurtful. The imprisonment of orcas for human amusement and research leads to aggression, death at an early age and numerous health problems. Orcas exhibit aberrant and aggressive behavior in captivity. Aggression towards each other occursRead MoreFruit Gone Wild Essay879 Words   |  4 Pagesattempted often in the past, but it seems that only Fruits Gone Wild can boast the perfect old school/new school slots combination! Fruits Gone Wild Review When you think of the biggest and brightest names in the world of online casino software development, Stake Logic probably isn’t a name that springs to mind. However, it should, as this is a developer that is really beginning to flex its creative muscles as 2017 begins to heat up. Most new games from this brand go big on the theme factor, but itsRead MoreThe Fittest : A New Era Of Observation And Evolutionary Thinking1621 Words   |  7 PagesSpecies, 76). Charles Darwin defined this idea based off of his scientific observations of animals within the wild. The idea of â€Å"the survival of the fittest† stems from natural selection. As globalization continues to spread, humans are also introduced into an environment in which only the best suited thrive in. Chekhov’s play The Cherry Orchard and Caillebotte’s painting Paris Street, Rainy Day are both works in which the survival of the fittest affects the humans depicted. Therefore, the followingRead MoreThe Book Of Wild Swans : Three Daughter Of China1234 Words   |  5 PagesQuyen Nguyen IB World History 11th Grade In the book of Wild Swans: Three daughter of China by Jung Chang tells about the experiences of the life of Chang’s Mother, Grandmother, and Chang herself. The book starts off with Chang’s Grandmother Yu-fang. She was forced to be a concubine for a warlord general at a young age. She eventually escapes with her child after marrying a wealthy doctor, she continue to raise her child even rejected by her husband’s family. De-hong a happy girl whoRead MoreA Report On Tigers Delight1722 Words   |  7 Pagesextinct. Most tigers in nature live to be ten to fifteen years old. Tigers by nature are carnivores and are only found in nature in one continent on earth, which is Asia. Unlike most cats tiger enjoy swimming and spend the majority of the hot summer days resting in rivers or lakes. â€Å"OneKind.org† is an animal relief organization and they explain that tiger’s roar can carry more than 2 km and they are most active hunters at night (OneKind). Knowing information about the six living subspecies of tigers

Discourse on the Method. New Haven

Question: Describe about the Discourse on the Method of New Haven? Answer: Discourse on the Method By Descartes; The Discourse on the method can be considered as a rational thesis that also reflects as an autobiography of the author Ren Descartes that was published in 1637. This book can be measured as one of the most significant work that exist in modern philosophy and which is essential for the development of natural sciences (Descartes, 2009). In this book, the author deals with skepticism that has been earlier studied by scholars such as Empiricus and Montaigne. The author begins his reasoning primarily by having a doubt on everything since that would give him a clear and fresh view. In Part IV of the book, Descartes had challenged his own reasons. He states that there exists three things that cannot be doubted and these three things also tend to assist each other to form a steady basis for his method. Further he states that the doubt reason cannot be doubted by the method since it is based on a reason. When he states reason he actually refers to God and states that God is primarily the guarantee that the reasons will not be misguided. In this phase of the book the most worrying part of the argument is the existence of God and the evidence of that existence. Gradually the author realizes this as he slowly provides the three different evidence of the existence of God. Descartes in the Part IV of the book understood that there was no doubt about the thoughts that persist in him. Hence he tried to find an answer to prove his existence. In order to do so, he had decided to dedicate his life in the search of truth. His pretence was on the fact that whatever has ever entered the mind of this person was true to the extent of his dreams and illusions (Descartes, 2012). Descartes believed that the all questions that exist actually either have a mathematical answer or a scientific answer. While searching for answers had used those principles that were already well known and in return had set out to create specific knowledge and truth (Descartes, n.d.). One of the surprises lies in the evidence of his existence and the proof regarding the same. In this book, Descartes proves that God and soul exists. While the author reflected on the style of his dreams and how his senses are unreliable, he gradually becomes conscious of the manner of his thoughts and hence proves his existence. As conclusion Descartes had said that the soul is different from the body and is depends on the unreliability of the senses when compared to that of pure reason (Descartes et al., 1996). The doubts that existed in him prevented him to believe on his perfectness and still his capability to visualize perfection indicated that something that is perfect should exist outside him which is God. Hence according to me the surprise ending is the realization of the perfectness of God which he was made to observe. The surprise lies when Descartes states that god is perfect and his ideas are given by God and his dependence was because of his perfectness for existence. References Descartes, R. (2009).A discourse on the method of rightly conducting one's reason and seeking truth in the sciences. [Waiheke Island]: Floating Press. Descartes, R. (2012).Discourse on the Method. Lanham: Start Publishing LLC. Descartes, R., Weissman, D., Bluhm, W., Descartes, R. (1996).Discourse on the method. New Haven: Yale University Press. Descartes, R.Discourse on the method of rightly conducting the reason, and seeking truth in the sciences. Raleigh, N.C.: Alex Catalogue.

Report (5) Essays (593 words) - American Women In Business

Courtney Alsbrook Dr. Alexander AWS 2500 December 18th 2017 Historical Analysis: Madame CJ Walker In the history of Black women, many have been came, and many have triumphed. Of those many, only few are held in the highest regard. These few are seen in documentaries, movies, and the occasional textbook. The rest, are often undervalued, less touted, or simply forgotten. Among these unsung heroes are some of the women that contributed the most to the black community as well as the World. Some of the most powerful Black women laid a blueprint for those of the future that was left unfollowed. In the early 1900s, a Louisiana woman born Sarah Breedlove, lived as the sole owner of several businesses valued at over one million dollars. Although she was the first Black female to become a self-made millionaire, she is not as admired as she should be. While her name may be mentioned sporadically, it is a form of ignorance to have nearly completely avoid the trail she blazed. To understand what makes Madame CJ Walker an unsung hero, you first have to understand her accomplishments and successes. During the 1890s, Walker developed a severe scalp disorder that led to a massive loss of hair. From that point, she discovered something that would lead her to millions. After experimenting with several hair care products and remedies, she began to perfect her own masterpiece. Once finalized, Walker, along with her husband, Charles Joseph Walker, went on a tour of several states. Along the tour, Walker would promote her products and give live demonstrations of how to use them. She would continue to build her brand and business into an empire. According to the Organization of American Historians, the Walker Manufacturing Company "employed some 3,000 African American women and men to manufacture and sell hair products and cosmetics" at its peak. In addition to raising a personal fortune upwards of $600,000, Walker was a major philanthropist. With donations toward ed ucational funds and even the opening of the YMCA, she proved to be a woman of great integrity. Most importantly, she mothered a movement which stood as a booster for Black status in America. With the philosophy of cleanliness and lovliness, she influenced a mass of Black women to appreciate themselves and improved community morale. All that said, it is easy to wonder how a woman of Walker's stature can be ignored. With a buying power that is projected to reach $1.7 trillion this year according to Nielsen, it is unfortunate that a majority Black women are purchasing and using non-Black owned products. According to Nielsen statistics, despite spending nine times more on beauty products than other races, Blacks only own a fraction of 1% of the beauty supply market share. After the vast amount of effort Walker placed into the Black economy and Black confidence, today Black women as a whole are failing to live up to the standard she set. While there are a great number of leaders making strides to shift the tide, the majority of Black spenders are failing to keep these dollars in the Black community, and many Black women are failing to sprout these Black owned beauty brands. While Madam CJ Walker's legacy is mentioned enough to deem her "unignored", the fact that Black communities have been overrun with beauty busine ss that aren't black owned, is ignorance in itself. References Koman, Rita G., and TwHP Staff. Two American Entrepreneurs: Madam CJ Walker and JC Penney. OAH Magazine of History 20.1 (2006): 26-36.

Whats the Deal with Improving Sentences SAT Writing Section Guide and Advice

What's the Deal with Improving Sentences SAT Writing Section Guide and Advice SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips There’s nothing harder than trying to figure out what someone else thinks is â€Å"the best,† and Improving Sentences asks you to do just that. Luckily, we’ve got a few tricks up our sleeve that allow you to move through these questions with confidence. In this post,we’ll look at the writing skills these questions are designed to test and how to use those skills to answer the questions correctly. Improving Sentencesquestions havea section of a sentence underlined and 4 alternatives (plus the option to keep the sentence the way it is). The instructions say that these questions â€Å"test correctness and effectiveness of expression.† This means that the sentences aren’t necessarily wrong (though they usually are), they can also just be bad or confusing. We have to find the best, rather than simply the correct, way of saying something. But the types of choices and mistakes are the same in every test, so let's talk about the most common one and how to â€Å"improve† it. #1 Issue: Conciseness, Conciseness, Conciseness Almost all Improving Sentences questions involve conciseness; even if it’s not the main problem in the question, some of the incorrect answer choices will be wordy to the point of sounding like nonsense. Just to get a feel for what we mean by this, Here are some concise sentences and their less concise evil twins: Most dinosaur nests were hidden beneath vegetation from potential predators. Most dinosaurs laid eggs in hidden nests on the ground that was extremely well protected from other dinosaurs so that they would be more unlikely to be eaten by them. You can see that all the information in the longer sentence is included in the shorter one: things can only be hidden beneath vegetation if it's on the ground, and the word â€Å"predators† means hunting animals. The phrase â€Å"hidden from...predators† can only mean that the point is to keep the eggs safe. Here’s another fun one: Because bacteria and other organisms can penetrate eggshells and decompose the contents, very few fossilized eggs found today contain any embryonic material. For the reason that the walls of eggs can be penetrated by bacteria and other small organisms that feed on organic material, the stone-like fossilized eggs people find today are usually lacking any remnants of embryos, whether intact or not. Okay, the second sentence here is a bit long even for the SAT, but it drives home the point that there is virtually no limit to the amount of irrelevant and repetitive information that can be stuffed into a sentence. And the SAT loves to push that particular envelope. The key is the information: can the same meaning be conveyed in fewer words? Below, we look at the information in the sentences above: Short Sentence Long Sentence Because For the reason that bacteria and other organisms can penetrate eggshells and decompose the contents the walls of eggs can be penetrated by bacteria and other small organisms that feed on organic material very few...contain any embryonic material are usually lacking any remnants of embryos, whether intact or not fossilized eggs found today the stone-like fossilized eggs people find today As you can see, any extra information that the second sentence offers is not relevant to the point of the sentence: the appearance of the eggs, what organisms feed on (that’s obvious from the fact that they’re eating dino eggs), and whether the embryos are intact or not. Those things don’t matter here, because the sentence is about the absence of embryonic material in the eggs. Common Problem: Repeated References to Something Another way to spot an SAT-designed bad sentence is repeated references to a person or thing, like so: The dinosaur eggs, those which had been incubated by machines, they were almost ready to hatch. Can you spot the nouns and pronouns in this sentence that refer to the same thing (the eggs)? Go ahead, we’ll wait. There are three: â€Å"eggs,† of course, â€Å"those,† and â€Å"they.† In this case, you can just take out the second two and the sentence is SAT-approved. Generally, we only need to use a pronoun when there are two things going on in the sentence: After the incubators had warmed, turned and monitored them for two months, the eggs were ready to hatch. Above, there’s the actions the incubators took in gestating the eggs, and then the statement that they are ready to hatch. That makes the two references, â€Å"eggs† and â€Å"they,† necessary. In the previous sentence, the only thing that’s happening is that they’re ready to hatch; the rest of the information is extra. Even More Common Problem: Gerunds, a.k.a. â€Å"-ing† verbs First of all, let’s get one thing straight: a gerund, or â€Å"-ing† verb, cannot by itself be the only verb in a sentence. Let’s take â€Å"feeling† as an example: Can we say â€Å"She feeling better†? No, we have to say she is feeling better. We can use it to start a sentence, like â€Å"Feeling better, she walked downstairs.† But the operative verb in this sentence is walked, not feeling. Students overuse â€Å"-ing† verbs, because they are more all-purpose than other verb conjugations. But they have limited utility in good writing, and even less utility on the SAT. (Bonus SAT vocab lesson: â€Å"utility† means usefulness.) The SAT is constantly presenting us with these kinds of sentences: The dinosaur eggs were very delicate, the reason for this being that they needed to be incubated. Then they’ll give us some alternatives to the underlined section: (A) (same as original) (B) and the reason being you have to incubate them (C) for the reason that incubation was needed by them (D) because of the fact that their incubation is necessary and vital (E) because they required incubation Strategy: How to Eliminate Carefully and Effectively The key to maneuvering successfully through the SAT is elimination. The choices are designed to overwhelm and confuse students, which is part of the reason they’re overhauling the test in 2016. This is also one of the many reasons the SAT requires preparation- the strategy of elimination is actually quite refined and powerful, if you do it correctly. So rather than point out why the right answer is right, we’re going to use the â€Å"-ing† verbs example above to give you a sample of our elimination strategy. Step 1: Which choice is the longest? Above, it’s (D), and It’s almost never the answer. You can safely eliminate it on this question type: if the others all seem blatantly wrong, then consider it. Step 2: Which is the most straightforward? Active voice is always better than passive voice: â€Å"they required incubation† is always preferable to â€Å"incubation was needed by them†- eliminate (C). The second person- †you†- is oftenwrong on the SAT, unless the writer is speaking directly to the reader. When it’s used to mean â€Å"a person,† it’s confusing, vague, and inaccurate. Eliminate (B). These steps leave us with only (A), the original, and (E), the shortest answer choice. Hopefully (E) clearly sounds better to you (see, here I’m talking directly to you, the reader, so the second person in appropriate). This strategy allows us to work through questions methodically and efficiently without losing our respective minds. It works for all the Reading and Writing questions (and some Math ones), but is especially necessary when your choices are just heaps of words with one â€Å"best† option stuck in between. If you liked this post you may like: What is a good SAT score? A bad SAT score? SAT Writing Guide Part II: Essays SAT Writing Guide Part I: Improving Paragraphs

A Guide to Terminal Punctuation

A Guide to Terminal Punctuation A Guide to Terminal Punctuation A Guide to Terminal Punctuation By Mark Nichol This post outlines the functions of punctuation marks employed at the end of a sentence: the period, the exclamation point, the question mark, and ellipses. Period Periods are employed as terminal punctuation for statements other than questions or exclamations. In American English, periods precede a close quotation mark at the end of a sentence (with some technical exceptions in such fields as botany, linguistics, and philosophy). Periods also follow numbers and letters that precede each item in a vertical list. When an abbreviation ending in a period closes a sentence (such as in â€Å"Such abbreviations are common in content pertaining to mathematics, science, etc.†), it does double duty as terminal punctuation; do not add a period. An exclamation point or question mark can follow such use of a period, but revision to avoid consecutive punctuation is advised. See this post for information about the use of periods in abbreviation. Exclamation Point In formal writing, use of the exclamation point is rare, but it performs a useful function in expressing exclamation of surprise (â€Å"That’s absurd!†) or communicating an imperative (â€Å"Halt!†). It may also be employed to indicate enthusiasm (â€Å"Hi!†). An exclamation point should replace, not accompany, a comma (â€Å"No!† she replied†), though an exception is made when the exclamation is part of the title of a composition or of a component of one (â€Å"Her latest painting, titled simply Yes!, is on display†; â€Å"The final chapter, ‘Where Do I Go from Here?,’ is essential reading†). When both an exclamation point and a question mark are appropriate, choose one or the other, though in informal writing, an interrobang, a hybrid of both symbols, can be employed. Frequent use of the exclamation point, or use of two or more in succession, is distracting and should be employed only, for example, to signal in fiction writing the exuberance of a character. An exclamation point in parentheses indicates an editorial interpolation expressing alarm or surprise, as in â€Å"A speaker who seriously proposed summary execution (!) was heckled.† Writers should take care to place an exclamation point before or after a close quotation mark depending on its function. Compare, for example, â€Å"John screamed, ‘Get out!’† and â€Å"You can believe I was shocked when Mary quietly responded, ‘I know the truth, because I was there’!† In the first sentence, the exclamation point, positioned inside the quotation marks containing John’s outburst, emphasizes the screamed command; in the second sentence, the exclamation point, located outside the quotation marks framing Mary’s reported comment but within those bracketing the reporter’s statement, signals the surprise the reporter felt about Mary’s unexpected but quietly uttered admission. Exclamation points that are integral to a proper name (for example, in the company name Yahoo! or in the title of the television program Jeopardy!) are usually retained, though they may, especially in the former example, invite confusion. (Ambiguity is unlikely in the case of an exclamation point that is part of a word or phrase formatted in italics or boldface.) Question Mark A question mark is employed in place of a period to indicate an interrogative word, phrase, or full sentence- usually the latter, although it may follow a single word or a phrase functioning as a sentence, or one or more interrogative elements can be embedded in a sentence, as in â€Å"Was he feeling envy? resentment? humiliation?† (Alternatively, the last two words might be treated as one-word sentences: â€Å"Was he feeling envy? Resentment? Humiliation?†) Question marks should not punctuate indirect questions (â€Å"The question is whether the initiative should be funded by taxpayers†), sentences ending with interrogative words (â€Å"Naturally, you might ask why†), or formal requests (â€Å"Would you please respond at your earliest inconvenience†). A question mark may also replace or accompany an unknown quantity, as in â€Å"John Smith (1452?–1506) . . .† or â€Å"John Smith (?–1506) . . . .† See also the discussion of exclamation points above; all the guidance after the first paragraph in that section applies to question marks as well. Ellipses When ellipses end an unfinished sentence, the implication is that the reader is familiar with the full sentence (â€Å"When in Rome . . .†), which is delivered in an offhand manner, or that the speaker is faltering (â€Å"I was just trying to . . .†). (To represent interrupted speech, use a dash rather than ellipses; see this post about the use of dashes as internal punctuation.) When representing omission of one or more words at the beginning of a sentence that follows a full sentence, use a period and ellipses as shown here: â€Å"Finish each day and be done with it. . . . Tomorrow is a new day.† When indicating elision of one or more words at the end with a complete sentence, which is followed by another sentence, place the period for the first sentence after the ellipses as shown here: â€Å"I want to live and feel all the shades, tones and variations of mental and physical experience . . . . And I am horribly limited.† (The period is the fourth dot.) Do not place ellipses at the end of a quotation to indicate that more text follows the quotation in the source material. The use of ellipses as internal punctuation is discussed in this post. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Redundant Phrases to AvoidHow to Punctuate Descriptions of ColorsDrama vs. Melodrama

Tax Preparation in the USA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Tax Preparation in the USA - Essay Example This paper looks and discusses how tax preparations are done with the help of accounting and bookkeeping firms as in many cases, the tax filer is confused with all the complexities it entails for everyone. Although a tax form has been simplified, some 40% to 50% of all tax filings have been completed by the tax preparer, of which there are four types, namely: certified public accountants (CPAs), lawyers, an enrolled agent (someone who passed special examinations given by the Internal Revenue Service precisely for this purpose and has thereby gained IRS accreditation) and unenrolled tax preparer. Discussion My decision as John (owner of the private accounting practice) is to accept Sue (client) because I think I can help her out with her problems. First and foremost, the most logical step is to reconstruct her financial transactions as best as possible by taking calculated estimates of her income and expenses. This will help me prepare her audited financial statements (balance sheet a nd income statement) but most likely, I will issue a qualified opinion on these statements. This will serve as guide and warning to whoever uses these financial statements to arrive at their own judgment as to the applicability and suitability of the statements for their own use, like a bank. Because Sue operates her small business as a single proprietorship (presumably as based on case facts given, as she has only five full-time employees), then she pays business taxes in the same form as her personal income tax. It means that both she and the business itself are not taxed separately as they are considered as one and the same entities. The Internal Revenue Service or IRS calls this â€Å"pass-through taxation† as all profits pass through her sole proprietorship business before it reaches her as personal income. A needed document is the profit and loss statement of her business (Schedule C of the IRS forms) together with the IRS Form 1040. Moreover, she also needs to pay her own â€Å"self-employment taxes† like the Social Security and Medicare systems. It is usually double the rate of what ordinary employees pay in terms of salary deductions because a sole proprietor has no employer counterpart for the contributions and so she must pay the entire amount due, which must be reported under Schedule SE (self-employed) of the IRS. Present self-employment tax rate is now 15.3% (adjusted since last February 2012 from 13.3%) for the first $110,100 in reported income and then 2.9% tax rate for any amount in excess thereof. The box of receipts that Sue gave may not be of much help as some of her expenses and receipts for income were questionable, so the best approach is to just use the standard deductions which are fixed dollar amounts to some items. The IRS allows a business to deduct certain items and ordinary business expenses to lessen the tax due, to include operating expenses, advertising costs, travel and gasoline expenses, business-related meals a nd entertainment for business guests (IRS, 2012, p. 1); in order for an expense to qualify as a deductible, it must be necessary and also ordinary that is indispensable or helpful in pursuit of carrying out the trade or a type of business; not included are cost of goods sold, capital expenses (such as equipment) and personal expenses.  

Capstone Project Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Capstone Project - Research Paper Example As far as its footwear market is concerned, the company consists of 33% of global market share. Its distribution channels include both traditional and nontraditional channels in more than 100 countries in the whole world (Armstrong & Kotler, 2009). Â   The mission of Nike stated in their mission statement is to surpass all other similar and competition companies in the industry. Nike plans to achieve this by maintaining its position in market through providing quality footwear, equipment and apparels for consumers of all ages and lifestyles and also for different institutions. Through proper utilization of retail outlets, company’s websites as well as mail order company pledges to make its products available globally. As far as execution of this mission is concerned the company and its management believes that for the effective operations of the company, the success lies in collective responsibilities of all employees, team mates, customers, communities and all the stakeholde rs for the company. (Kotler & Keller, 2009). Nike’s vision is to remain a global leader in the industry and for this the company intends to continue producing high quality products. This challenges the company to continue to constantly meet through innovation and creativity, the ever changing trends and needs of their customers and the company is dedicated to achieve these in both short and long term. (Kotler & Keller, 2009). The analysis of Nike’s strategic plan along with its performance over the years shows that the company has been able to perform with regard to its vision and financial statements, which is a part of its strategic plan. The company, since the year 2000, was able to achieve a net income of more than $550 million at the end of every financial year which helps the company to achieve its long-term objective of improvement on equity, and a higher EPS. Nike focuses on improving on stockholders returns on equity to achieve a percentage of 20 and this can be estimated to roughly 6% from its previous trading periods. Nike has been previously able to recover market price of its stock from a low of $26.5, per share to $50 and above, per share. Nike works on strategies through which it can increase its earnings per share to an estimated $2.70, a figure that can be one of the highest (Armstrong & Kotler, 2009). Under the company analysis, the strengths and weaknesses of Nike will be reviewed. One of the major strengths’ of Nike includes its board of director consisting of both independent directors and management directors. They play a vital role in the decision making of the company especially the decisions related to strategy formulation of the company. These diversified directors help the company by not only providing an outside experience but also a frame of reference improving an overall thinking of the board, hence their decisions include rich experience and eliminates any disagreements and contradictions. Another major stren gth is the strong internal environment of the company as Nike conducts an internal analysis, which helps making decisions (Nike, 2012). The weaknesses that the company has experienced so far are related to the company’s inability to cope up with the issues regarding to labor. There also have been complains regarding the company’s working conditions. This was even highlighted as a major issue in the global media and led Nike to a bad reputation, turning into a major crisis

Medical Testing on Animals Essay Example for Free

Medical Testing on Animals Essay Animal experiments are widely used to develop new medicines and to test the safety of other products. Many of these experiments cause pain to the animals involved or reduce their quality of life in other ways. If it is morally wrong to cause animals to suffer, then experimenting on animals produces serious moral problems. Animal experimenters are very aware of this ethical problem and acknowledge that experiments should be made as humane as possible. It is also known that it is wrong to use animals if alternative testing methods would produce equally valid results. Experimenting on animals is always unacceptable because it causes suffering to animals, and the benefits to human beings are not proven. The case against animal testing is that the level of suffering and the number of animals involved are both so high that the benefits to humanity do not provide moral justification. The equivalent case for animal experiments is that they will produce such great benefits for humanity that it is morally acceptable to harm a few animals. Animal experiments are not used to show that drugs are safe and effective in human beings, as they cannot do that. Instead, they are used to help decide whether a particular drug should be tested on people. Animal experiments eliminate some potential drugs as either ineffective or too dangerous to use on human beings. If a drug passes the animal test it is then tested on a small group of humans before larger trials are done. Animal experiments only benefit human beings if their results are valid and can be applied to human beings. Another problem with animal testing is that results can be misleading. Drugs that have negative effects on animals could potentially be highly beneficial to humans and vice versa. Those in favor of animal experiments say that the benefits to human beings outweigh the harm done to the animals being tested. This is a consequentialist argument, because it looks at the consequences of the actions under consideration. It cannot be used to defend all forms of experimentation since there are some forms of suffering that are probably impossible to justify even if the benefits are exceptionally valuable to humanity. The consequentialist justification of animal experiments is done by comparing the harm the experiment will do to animals to the harm done to humans by not doing the experiment. This is not a valid way to justify the argument because this is ultimately comparing two different things. The harm that will be done to he animals is certain to happen if the experiment is carried out. The harm done to human beings by not doing the experiment is unknown because no one knows how likely the experiment is to succeed or what benefits it might produce. It is morally worse to do harm by doing something than to do harm by not doing something. Looking at it that way, it is morally worse for experimenters to harm the animals by experimenting on them than it is to harm some human beings by not doing an experiment that might find a cure for their disease. The benefits to humans does not outweigh the pain and suffering that all of the animals endure while going through experiments. The issue of animal experiments is very clear if we accept that animals have rights. If an experiment violates the rights of an animal, then it is morally wrong because it is wrong to violate rights. The possible benefits to humanity by performing these experiments are completely irrelevant to the morality of the case, because rights should never be violated.

Its Science vs. Politics in Stem Cell Research :: Persuasive Argumentative Essay Examples

The Patients' Coalition for Urgent Research (CURe), a consortium of three dozen national nonprofit patient organizations, reports that over 100 million Americans suffer from illnesses, some of them terminal, which may be treated by medical advancements in the area of stem cell research (1). The list of ailments includes cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases, diabetes, osteoporosis, cancer, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, severe burns, spinal cord injuries, and birth defects. While scientists continue to look for treatments and cures for these diseases through new medicine, innovative surgical techniques, and gene therapy, perhaps the most promising research is being encountered on the frontier of human embryonic stem cell research. From the beginning of this research in animals in the early 1980's, stem cells have been celebrated for their nearly infinite potential in application towards the alleviation, and ultimately the eradication, of many branches of human illne ss and disease. Animal stem cell research and preliminary human stem cell research indicates stem cells as a source of self-renewing, undifferentiated cells that have the ability to differentiate into organs, nerves, blood cells, skin, eyes, hair - basically, any tissue or cell found in an adult mammal. So far, scientists have isolated and indefinitely grown stem cells and, to some degree, demonstrated the cell's ability to differentiate into numerous tissues and cell types. From this groundwork, the scientific community envisions that research using stem cells will lead us to the ability to grow entire organs for transplant to patients suffering from kidney, liver, and heart failure; neurons for patients afflicted with Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease; tissue replacement for patients with damaged organs or severe burns; functioning islet cells that will produce insulin for patients diagnosed with diabetes; and the list continues. Because stem cells have the ability to differentiate into every ki nd of cell contained in the human body, their possible therapeutic effects have the potential to help hundreds of millions of people worldwide. However, where there is the most promise, there is also the most controversy, and the bridge between life and death relies largely on the compromise between science and politics. The case against human embryonic stem cell research rests upon the core argument that embryonic stem cells are derived from human embryos and, as such, are protected by ethical principles against human experimentation (2). Whether or not stem cells represent a viable source of human life recapitulates the same debate as the abortion controversy: the argument about when human life begins.

The Education of Little Tree Movie Review

In the movie, The Education of Little Tree, the young boy learns many of life†s most important lessons. Three of the lessons that I feel are most important are; â€Å"The Way†, how to learn from ones mistakes, and finding your secret place. In the personal evaluation that follows, I will discuss why I feel that these are such important lessons. Little Tree†s grandparents, with some help from Willow John, teach him â€Å"The Way [of the Cherokee]†. I feel that this is one of life†s most important lessons. Not necessarily the Cherokee way, but the way of life in general. This lesson help†s us to understand that things may not always work the way that we would like them to. In my eyes, this is because we do not, and never will, completely be in control of our lives. I believe that their is some power higher than ourselves that is in at least partial control of our lives. I also believe that this higher power, whether it be fate or God, helps guide us to a more complete life. To me life is a lesson in itself. It is all a learning experience to prepare us for the next life. One of my favorite parts of the story is when Little Tree†s grandparents pass on, they say â€Å"It has been good. I†ll see you soon. † They view death as a new beginning, not as an end. Throughout the movie, Little Tree is making mistakes and learning from them. I also think that this is a very important lesson in life. Making mistakes is part of life. Learning from them so that we don†t repeat the same mistakes again can be hard sometimes. This can be applied to the classroom in many ways. If you stay out late the night before a test instead of studying and do poorly on a test, the next time you should consider an alternative. One possibility is to find a way that let†s you go out and have fun, but come home early enough to study the material for the test. I think that the way Little Tree†s grandfather teaches him this lesson by letting him make mistakes instead of preventing them is the same way that a teacher or parents should teach children and students. If your parents or teachers don†t allow you to make mistakes, you will probably be less likely to learn the lesson. Even though they think they are doing a good job by preventing these mistakes from happening, the child or student may behave rebelliously toward this. Finding your secret place can help to teach you about yourself. In this lesson, Little Tree found his secret place was a place to go by himself. Everyone needs a place like this. Somewhere to be alone with your thoughts. In a way it helps you find yourself through self fulfillment. Little Tree learns about what interests him, the mysteries of his cultural background. This can be helpful in ones education. It helps you learn about what you would like to do with your life. It can give you direction. It is also important because no two people are exactly the same. Each person has a different style of learning. A person will get more out of their education if they are taught and learn in the style that applies to them. The lessons referred to in this paper are just a few that I believe are important in a persons education and in life in general. A persons education never stops, we all learn new lessons everyday. It is just ‘The Way† it is.

Definition of Culture and Its Importance Essay

Human beings are considered the highest form of animals, behaving passionately social as a group, using language and understanding, and doing teamwork and intergroup rivalry. Culture then relates to everything that humans have, think and do as a member of the social group. Both existent and make-believe, humans have stuff like tools, weapons, languages, laws, music, art, material resources, technologies and systems that when taken jointly will give details of the past and describes the present. On the other hand, when ideas, values, attitudes, beliefs and ideologies are taken as a group, help explains religious partiality, political directives, mores and extensive range of social associations. In addition, humans do or perform activities among specific group or society based on nationality, religion, ethnic boundaries and even occupation and academic, which later on collectively form the prescribed accepted behavior. (Holt, D. & Wigginton, K. 2002). In 1997, culture was described by Geert Hofstede in his book, Cultures and Organizations as the â€Å"software of the mind†. While individuals all have the identical â€Å"hardware†, which is the human brain, their â€Å"software† or â€Å"programming† is rather diverse. It is an identical experience when interrelating with somebody from a dissimilar culture – their language, suppositions, body language and movement, morals, and other facets of their culture will not be logical when relocated to another’s orientation structure. There are three fundamental logical reasoning when it comes to culture, namely: 1. Superiority of experience in the fine arts and humanities; 2. A combined blueprint of human knowledge, trust, and manners that relies upon the aptitude for figurative thinking and social knowledge; and 3. The set of divided outlooks, principles, purposes, and practices that distinguishes an association, society or group. According to Holt and Wigginton (2002), culture is a concept in the field of anthropology that concerns with shared structure of attitudes, way of life, ownership, traits, tradition and morals that describes group actions, which can be observed in a family, ethnic group, a business organization or a society. Authority, leadership, work attitudes and ethical practices on the part of management are influenced by this shared structure. Workers also are influenced by cultural antecedents on how they recognize and understand quality performance, work responsibilities, their function in decision-making and attitude in following orders from superior, as well as insight of human rights. The daily demeanor of workers in terms of punctuality, following rules on safety standards and personal hygiene are also affected. Slight differences between any two or more cultural groups can be observed, which therefore requires sensitivity to understand cultural differences, especially in manners of proper handling of business transactions. This way, when difficulties are encounter they will be solved readily with positive results. Understanding Differences in Culture The basic requirements for human survival are standard, which means for people to live they need water, food, clothing, housing and security. However, scarcity of these necessities compels human to creatively expand manners of acquiring them in order to give solutions to these survival problems. For simple societies, economic and social behavior consists of uncomplicated activities like looking for and cooking food, crafting clothes, building houses and rearing children. On the other hand, for developed societies, roles go beyond work and domestic related actions and extend to production and distribution of goods and services in order to sustain their big areas of responsibilities. It is essential to know that differences in culture would mean that different cultures have a diversity of styles in looking at things, ways of dressing and expressing individuality and/or goodness. Education, social rank, religion, individuality, belief composition, precedent experience, warmth shown in the domicile, and a countless of other factors will influence an individual’s manners and mores. A good deal of dissimilarities in culture has something to do with foodstuff preparation, music, and what each culture considers good manners. There are really cultural and philosophy disparities and it is fine to have an appreciation about a civilization’s way of life. Hofstede’s Model of Cultural Dimensions A Dutch researcher by the name of Geert Hofstede made a cross-cultural study of organizational behavior using managers from different countries to produce profile of cultural differences. This model is the most famous Hofstede’s Model composed of five dimensions namely power distance, individualism, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity and long term orientation, which gives a comparative evaluation of group attributes. Said dimensions when used jointly, provide management sensible outlook regarding contradicting values and prototypes of manners among countries and groups. Power distance as a dimension relates to the degree of human inequalities. Hierarchical position and authority are the main focuses of a culture with high power distance. Less dominant member of the society acknowledge just being subordinates, who should always follow those who are leading. In societies with high power distance as exemplified by Japan, formal authority comes from the hierarchy where employees hardly ever go against a chain of command or subject into scrutiny the decisions of top management. The reverse is true with societies like the United States, Australia and New Zealand with low power distance, where both higher-ups and subordinates coordinate their decisions with one another and authority is not a big deal. However, for societies like Great Britain, Israel and Canada in particular, though they refuse to accept parity in social level, still they value the right of each person’s accomplishment (Holt, D. & Wigginton, K. , 2002). Individualism pertains to the degree of initiative in becoming independent against that of collective endeavor. Societies with high individualism placed importance on personal triumphs, advancement, escapades and self-sufficiency. This implies ignoring the extensive necessities of the society and making oneself and ones family the priority. Contradictory, culture with low degree of individualism supports family relationship, group synchronization, social order and devote to compromised ideas. Uncertainty avoidance (Holt, D. & Wigginton, K. , 2002) is the degree of open-mindedness for uncertainty and ambiguity, particularly to man’s search for Truth. It means the feeling of contentment and discontentment in shapeless circumstances which are unusual, unknown and unexpected. For majority of the societies, their religious beliefs stand as their manner of knowing the Absolute Truth. Japanese culture for instance, typifies a society that avoids uncertainty by creating detailed laws and standards in consonance with the norms of the society. There are also societies with dual philosophical beliefs that they do not consider any Absolute Truth and so they accept uncertainty within their organizations. Canadians, as an example do not prioritize ceremonies and company rites unlike the Japanese. The degree of motivational behavior based on value systems that are depicted in terms of being masculine or feminine is another dimension in the Hofstede’s Model termed masculinity. The focus of the said model is not on biological perspectives; however, the behavior is portrayed using gender. In countries with high masculinity, like Japan, men work and hold top positions in organization, while women stay at home to perform household chores and nurture children. In other words, there are distinct roles that women and men do in society. The priorities of people living in societies with high masculinity are achievement, wealth and expansion. Working professionals spent much of their time in work related activities and seldom take vacations to relieve their stress. When confronted with problems, the manners of settling these conflicts are done aggressively. On the opposite, countries that score low in masculinity give significance to their family, relationships and quality of life. There is equality in terms of positions for both men and women which could be observed in all aspects of their lives. Negotiation for people in societies with low masculinity is the best way to resolve misunderstandings and disagreements. They are also fond of working in flexible hours to give way for more vacations and relaxation. The fifth and newest cultural dimension is the long term orientation, founded on the teaching of Confucius on the East. Countries with high long term orientation can be described as being persistent, thrifty, having a sense of shame and organizing and observing relationship by status. On the other hand, those cultures with short term orientation have personal control and firmness, shield ones â€Å"face†, value ritual and give back to greetings, favors, and gifts.

President Harding essays

President Harding essays The two former presidents Warren G. Harding and Calvin Coolige were alike in some ways and different in others. President Harding was a news paper owner from Ohio. He was chosen as the Rep. candidate after serving as an Ohio senator. Calvin Coolige was the Vice-president at the time of Warren Harding's death. Coolige fished the rest of Harding's term and then was re-elected. President Coolige followed Harding's policies when finishing his term, but after re-election he began to make some of his own. Harding focused on trying to settle the nation back into peace. He tried to ensure this peace by making treaties and disarmament acts. Harding also tried to lower taxes, take care of war veterans, protect farmers, and collect wartime debts owed to the U.S. . However Harding was not prepared to face the huge problems of the presidency. He made the mistake of appointing some of his Ohio friends to high ranking positions. The men he appointed were involved in many scandals and money stealing. Calvin Coolige like Harding was an admirer of American business. They both believed that business should mainly be left alone without government interference. Coolige especially believed business would be less profitable with more regulation. He also believed, unlike Harding, that nothing could be done to help the U.S. farmers. Coolige vetoed many bills designed to help farmers, like the McNary-Haugen bill, by saying "Farmers have never made much money and I don't believe we can do much about it" . These two presidents were also very different when it came to their personalities. Harding was laid back and likable, always playing cards with his friends and smoking cigars. Coolige, on the other hand, was very quite plain and thrifty. He said very little, earning him the nickname "Silent Cal." These two presidents were more different than alike. They shared only a few views and had very differ...

Learn the History of Ice Hockey

Learn the History of Ice Hockey The origin of ice hockey is unknown; however, ice hockey probably evolved from the game of field hockey that has been played in Northern Europe for centuries. The rules of modern ice hockey were devised by Canadian James Creighton. In 1875, the first game of ice hockey with Creightons rules was played in Montreal, Canada.  This  first organized indoor game  was played at Victoria Skating Rink  between two nine-player teams, including  James Creighton  and several other  McGill University  students. Instead of a ball or bung, the game featured a flat circular piece of wood. The  McGill University Hockey Club, the first ice hockey club, was founded in 1877  (followed by the  Quebec Bulldogs  named Quebec Hockey Club and organized in 1878 and the  Montreal Victorias, organized in 1881). In 1880, the number of players per side went from nine to seven.  The number of teams grew, enough so that the first world championship of ice hockey was held at Montreals annual Winter Carnival  in 1883. The McGill team won the tournament and was awarded the Carnival Cup.  The game was divided into 30-minute halves. The positions were now named:  left and right wing,  center,  rover,  point and cover-point, and  goaltender. In 1886, the teams competing at the Winter Carnival organized the  Amateur Hockey Association of Canada  (AHAC) and played a season comprising challenges to the existing champion. Stanley Cup Origins In 1888, the  Governor-General of Canada,  Lord Stanley of Preston  (his sons and daughter enjoyed hockey), first attended the Montreal Winter Carnival tournament and was impressed with the game. In 1892, he saw that there was no recognition for the best team in Canada, so he purchased a silver bowl for use as a trophy. The Dominion Hockey Challenge Cup (which later became known as the  Stanley Cup) was first awarded in  1893  to the  Montreal Hockey Club, champions of the AHAC; it continues to be awarded annually to the  National Hockey Leagues championship team.  Stanleys son Arthur helped organize the  Ontario Hockey Association, and Stanleys daughter  Isobel  was one of the first women to play ice hockey. Todays Sport Today, ice hockey is an Olympic sport and the most popular team sport played on ice. Ice hockey is played with two opposing teams wearing ice skates. Unless there is a penalty, each team only has six players on the ice rink at a time. The puck is a vulcanized rubber disk. The aim of the game is to knock the hockey puck into the opposing teams net. The net is guarded by a special player called the goalie. The first artificial ice rink (mechanically-refrigerated) was built in 1876, at Chelsea, London, England, and was named the Glaciarium. It was built near the Kings Road in London by John Gamgee. Today, modern ice rinks are kept clean and smooth by the use of a machine called the Zamboni. Fibreglass Canada worked with Canadiens Goalie Jaques Plante to develop the first-ever hockey goalie mask in 1960.

Information strategy Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Information strategy - Coursework Example They may be reluctant to the concept and benefits of consultation and communication. In contrast/consultation and information is likely to be effective in workplaces where the customs is based on an open administration style. Employment relationship behaviours history in the organization can also act as an enabler or an inhibitor to effective consultation and information. Organizations with a history with adversarial relations and those where there has been no tradition of employee participation experience the greatest barriers to shifting to a culture of employee participation. Where there are established relationships through trade unions and partnership working employees may be more open to the opportunities accessible by the directive to review consultation planning. Creating a mixed constituency committees, for example, combining trade union and non union employee’s legislative body may pose serious challenges in the information sharing practices. Practical challenges may come arise from an imbalance of legal rights, expertise, and support between the two groups. Detailed factors must be taken into deliberation when introducing planning tailored to geographically dispersed organizations and those in small organizations. The consultation and information needs to be the same in these organizations whether in large or single site organization. The challenges in a smaller organization revolve around the need to achieve the accurate balance among formality and informality in communication. Question 2 Successful enterprises are built on change; businesses operate in a dynamic environment where the response to changing markets may of benefit to evaluate in hours and days instead of months and years. So responsiveness and adaptability will be of great success. Agent based process administration systems combine the latest distributed computing technology with agent based techniques by providing an intelligent conservatory and alternative to workflow administ ration systems. The advantages associated with agent based process management include, intelligent decision making where management strategy and policy can be represented with a variety of perspectives. Explicit resource management represents the limitation and the value of resources to manage and support the business activities. Anticipation in this process plans the task and schedule available resource anticipation in the business management. APMS react to changing circumstances and have the capacity to generate alternative execution pathways in reacting to specific exceptions. APMS can distribute over multiple platforms across the organization activities using the latest computing technology which is full of open across the machines and operating systems. APMS presents an alternative technology to working flow systems. The major one they offer an alternative vision of how organizations can be planned and managed. The method takes the service oriented view of business procedure ma nagement, where coordinating and resourcing of actions to support an edge to edge business process by relating consultation and collaboration between customers and source agents. Question 3 Workflow management systems have centralized workflow engine unlike APMS which consist of independent systems that represents the respective concerns of various organization units involved the

Ethics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethics - Research Paper Example Research ethics can be defined as the application of basic ethical principles to the subject of study. It includes designing and implementation of the research, human trialing, experimentation on animals, and various other aspects of research. It is also very much crucial to consider the ethical codes prior to carry out the task of research design for data collection. Generally there are three objectives in a research ethics they are protecting the participants, conducting the research in such a way that it serves the purpose of the society on a whole and finally to ensure that research actions are ethically sound. However in the context of social and behavioral research there are many incidents where we find there is a lack of ethical soundness in the research. History of Ethical Principles in Research The Nuremberg trial addressed the experimentation of human being in the context of patient’s right and protection of the human subjects. The code includes:- a) Researches that are based on human must be trialed on animals. b) Risks should be according to the perceived benefits. c) The researches that are based on humans must be carried out by qualified research. ... Belmont Report The Belmont report was developed by ‘National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research’. It was issued during the year 1979 (â€Å"The Belmont Report†). The report summarizes the primary ethical principles and guidelines that should help in the process of determining the ethical issues. The report is divided into two sections namely 1) Limitations between research and practice. 2) Fundamental ethical principles. Regulations and Social and Behavioral Sciences A research review committee is an Institutional Review Board (IRB) must make certain that human research subject needs to be protected. Therefore the questions that should be asked are:- Is the subject of study reasonable? Whether the risks are minimized or not? Whether the risks are justified according to the benefits? Is there a map to control and monitor the security and safety of the subject of study? Assessing Risk in Social and Behavioral Scienc e There are many associated risks with the study of social and behavioral science. Therefore some of the possible risks could be violation of confidentiality, breach of the procedure of study, inaccurate predictions and also the gauged result. However the risks are actually psychological, social, economical and sometimes physical. Informed Consent The participants of the research study must be given sufficient information regarding the study so that they can decide whether to take part or not. They should be informed because the research needs continuous involvement of the participants. Privacy and Confidentiality Any psychological or behavioral research needs high privacy as it mostly deals with secret matters. Moreover discretion and solitude is an important factor in research (Dantzker and

1) answer these 3 questions using slides uploaded. 2) summarize slides Essay

1) answer these 3 questions using slides uploaded. 2) summarize slides - Essay Example Task-focused approach is directive and consultative as the same time. This is common in universities where the senate makes decisions and communicates them formally through instructions, emails, and memos due to its bureaucratic nature.Managers at low levels may consult to gain commitment of staff. Banks on the other hand, mostly engage in charismatic transformation through directed business process re-engineering. This is because its success is based on how it functions and often needs to restructure processes. Multinational enterprises operate in a dynamic environment hence need to adapt to changes frequently. In this case, it may engage in facilitated as well as directed change styles and its scale of change may vary from fine tuning to corporate transformation. It is therefore likely to engage in turnarounds hence use directive style with some coercion. A good example is the Toyota lean manufaturing technique referred as the Just-in-Time manufacturing and involves eliminating was te in the production process.This type of change may not be applicable to universities which mostly deal with people and not manufacturing processes. There are many factors that can cause organisations to fail in their change initiatives. One key factor is inefficient communication. The way management communicates change determines whether it will be succesful or not as communication is meant to gain engagement and commitment to a cause. The leader needs to explain why change is vital, how they will benefit from it and what will not change so as to minimise anxieties and resistance. Communication also allows the leader to give a vision or direction of where the company is going and what is expected of everyone. In this way, staffs will be commited to the change implementation otherwise they will resist. However, it is not only communication that matters but

Difference Between Bully and Ring Algorithm

Difference Between Bully and Ring Algorithm Compare bully and ring election algorithm Choose or design an algorithms in distributed system is a big challenging issue since past until now. The big challenge is calls for a suitable, efficient and no error election algorithm. Nodes communicate with each other using shared memory and through or via message passing. Coordinator will be the key requirement for nodes to execute or run any distributed task effectively and smoothly. There will be no central controlling node exists in a pure distributed system, every node has to communicate other nodes in the network to make an important decision. During the decision process all nodes will not often make the same decision. All involve the decision-making process and communication between nodes time-consuming. When consistency is needed, among all the nodes Coordination among nodes becomes harder. The main purpose of the leader election is to choose a node as a coordinator. It will act as a leader and coordinate activities of the whole system. A leader in any leader election algorithm is usually chosen based on the node which has the largest identifier. The nodes will reach a state called as terminated state once the leader is selected. There are 2 states which are elected states and non-elected states in the leader election algorithms. When a node enters either state, it always remains in that state. The leader election algorithm has to satisfy liveness condition and safety for an execution. The safety condition requires that only one single node can enter the elected state and it will become the leader of the distributed system. The liveness condition states that every node will eventually enter an elected state or a non-elected state. There are many election algorithms been proposed over the years such as Bully algorithm, Ring algorithm, Chang and Roberts algorithm, Le Lanns algorithm, and Franklins algorithm. All these algorithms require nodes to be directly involved in leader election. Nodes will transmit the messages to one another for exchange information until an agreement is reached. Once a node is been selected as leader, all the nodes will acknowledge the role as that node as leader. Bully algorithm The algorithm was devised by Garcia-Molina in 1982. While one of the process notices that the coordinator is not active, crashed, or responding to requests, it will start an election. Process Q, holds an election as follows: -Q sends a message to all the processes with higher numbers to start the election. -Q wins the election and becomes coordinator if and only if no higher numbers responds. -If there is one of the higher-ups number answers, it takes over. Qs job is finish or done. A process can receive an Election message from any one of its lower-numbered nodes at any moment. The receiver sends a confirmation message back to tell the sender that it is active and will take over when an Election message received. If other processes do not respond, and there is only one then it will become the new coordinator. After that, it will send all processes a message to announce its victory and starting immediately it will be the new coordinator. If a process that was down before but come back up, it will hold an election. If it happens to be the highest-numbered process among other currently running processes, it will win the election then will become leader and take over the coordinators job. Process 4 holds an election Process 5 and 6 respond, telling 4 to stop Now 5 and 6 each hold an election Process 6 tells 5 to stop Process 6 wins and tells everyone Modified Bully Algorithm In Bully algorithm, the number of message be exchanged between processes is very high. Thus, this Modified Bully Algorithm been devised to reduce the heavy traffic in network. Besides to reduce the heavy traffic flow in network, the number of stages is decreased from at most five stages to at most four stages. The algorithm has following steps: 1st step When process Q notices coordinator had crashed, it will start an election. 2nd step Q will send Election message to all other processes with higher priority numbers when Q find out that the coordinator was crashed. 3rd step All the processes that receives message which with higher priority process than Q will send OK message back to process Q with its unique priority number. 4th step If no processes responses to process Q, Q will broadcast one Coordinator message to all processes to declare itself as a coordinator. In vice versa, process Q will select the process Q with the highest priority number as coordinator and then send to it the GRANT message. 5th step Coordinator process will broadcast message to all the processes and informs them that itself as a coordinator at this stage. 6th step After the process with higher number compare to coordinator is up, modified Bully algorithm is run immediately. It does not have the drawback of Bully algorithm which has high number of message passing. If a higher priority number process crashes after sending it priority number to Q, Process Q will send GRANT message to it meaning that itself is the highest process and Q waits for broadcasting coordinator message else it will continue run the modified Bully algorithm. After a certain time or period, process Q does not receives any Coordinator message, it will repeat the algorithm again. Thus, this algorithm is efficient and safe to use for select the coordinator. Figure 2 The modified Bully election algorithm Process 2 holds an election. Processes 3, 4, 5 and 6 respond, telling its unique priority number. Now 3 comparing the priority number and select the highest process (process 6) and send a message to its (GRANT). Process 6 tell to everyone that it is coordinator. Token Ring algorithm Token ring algorithm is totally different with Bully algorithm. It achieves mutual exclusion by creating a bus network of processes in distributed system. It does not have a real ring in the network but a logical ring is constructed with all processes and all processes are assigned a position in the ring. All the processes know who is before them and next after them in the line. Token Ring algorithm works: 1st step: Process 6 is down. 2nd step: Process 3 notices that Process 6 does not respond. So it starts an election, sending a message containing its id to the next node in the ring. 3rdstep: Process 5 passes the message on, adding its own id to the message. 4th step: Process 0 passes the message on, adding its own id to the message. 5th step: Process 1 passes the message on, adding its own id to the message. 6th step: Process 4 passes the message on, adding its own id to the message. 7th step: When Process 3 receives the message back, it knows the message has gone around the ring, as its own id is in the list. Picking the highest id in the list, it starts the coordinator message 5 is the leader around the ring. 8th step: Process 5 passes on the coordinator message. 9th step: Process 0 passes on the coordinator message. 10th step: Process 1 passes on the coordinator message. 11th step: Process 4 passes on the coordinator message. Process 3 receives the coordinator message, and stops it. Modified Token Ring algorithm This algorithm is modified from Token Ring algorithm. It is modified to reduce the number of message passing and additional message being sent to the elected leader. When the leader has crashed and been noticed by a node, it will send its ID number to the node next to it in the ring. It is not necessary for all nodes to send their IDs into the ring. The receiving node compares the received ID with its own, and forwards whichever is the greatest at this moment. But this comparison is done by all the nodes such that only the greatest ID remains in the ring. After that, the greatest ID will return to the initial node. It declares itself as the leader by sending a coordinate message into the ring if the received ID equals that of the initial sender. This method will dramatically reduce the overhead involved in message passing. Besides that, if there is many nodes notice the leader crashed or absence at the same time, only the message of greatest ID node circulates in the ring and it will prevent the smaller IDs from being sent message in the ring. Modified Token Ring algorithm works: Nodes 2 and 4 notice that the coordinator has crashed simultaneously They send their IDs into the ring The greatest ID always remain in the ring The greatest ID keep passing in the ring 5 is declared as the leader Advantages and limitation algorithms Bully algorithm and Modified Bully algorithm Both of these algorithms have almost the same advantages. They can always check the liveness of the leader by the assumption of message delivery. The process is chosen as the non-crashed process at the end of the run with the largest process number if no process is replaced. It is impossible for two processes to decide which coordinator among them is, since the process with the lower number will discover that the other exits and defer to it. However, Modified Bully algorithm has another advantage that Bully algorithm does not have. That is the lower traffic passing. It reduce the traffic in the message communicate passing compare to Bully algorithm. It does not let the lower numbered process involve in the election but just higher numbered process. It also will send a GRANT message to the process which wins in the election. Then the process which wins will announce the message that declares itself as leader to all the nodes. It is more less traffic flow in the process and it is much better than Bully algorithm. The Bully algorithm also suffers from many shortcomings. This algorithm is not guaranteed to meet the safety condition if processes that had crashed and replaced by processes with the same number. A process that replaces the crashed process Q may decide which has the highest number just as another process has decided that it has the highest number. Both of them will announce themselves as the coordinator in a same time. But unfortunately, there are no guarantees on message passing order, and the recipients of these messages may give out different conclusion on which is the coordinator process. The condition may be broken if the assumed timeout values turn out to be accurate. That means if the processes failure detector is unreliable. Token Ring algorithm and Modified Token Ring algorithm Token Ring and Modified Token Ring algorithm are having very special routing. It is totally different with the Bully algorithm. They know the process next to them and just passing the message to the process which next to them. It is much more simple compare to other algorithm. They just need to take the information from beside, add the value and pass to another side. The message passing traffic is very much lower than other algorithms. This is because they just pass the information to the next process after that no more communicate with other processes. This reason make the algorithm become much easier to carry out. Compare with the bully algorithm which need keep communicate with all the process, Token Ring just need the message passing around the ring and know all the information about which one process having the higher numbered process. After that, the process can decide after compare and get the highest numbered process. Then, it just needs passing a decision message around the ring to announce or declare the leader in the ring. Meanwhile, the token ring and modified token ring also have their different. Token ring needs add up the information when the leader is crashed or down. Then the message or information will keep pass and to next process and the process will add its own ID into the message and passed to the process next to it. It will keep on going until the message reaches the process which starts the election process. Hence, the process will compare the information then announce the new leader by passing the coordinator message to the next process and keep on passing it in the ring. But the modified token ring will have slightly different. When the process notice the leader is crashed and start the election, the information message passing will start. When the message passing in the ring, it will compare the results collect from the processes. In the comparison, the highest numbered processs ID only will remain stay in the information message. Those smaller numbered processes ID will be deleted or will not be put inside the information message. When the information message finish a round, it will straight away start announce or pass the coordinator message to all the process for the new leader been selected. It is much easier and simple for the information message. All the comparison will be done when the new ID want to add into the information message. It not just save the time and no need wait until the end just compares the information that get from all processes. It also make the information message smaller and the message passing consumed less time to pass to the next process. The limitations for Token Ring and Modified Token Ring algorithm are they both also consumed a lot of time in message passing. It needs to pass and get the information message. It will take a round to get all the information. For those smaller processes, they also need to involve in the passing message process even they also would not been selected as a leader. It will take much more time compare with other algorithms. After the leader had been selected, the coordinator message also needs to pass around all the processes in the ring. The coordinator message will not pass to all the processes at once but it will pass from one to another one. All these processes really consumed and waste a lot of time compare with other algorithms. Besides above limitation, the message passing around the ring sometimes also will miss. When the information or coordinator message passing around the ring, it will possible loss or miss out. After that, it need take time to been noticed and regenerate the information message passing. Hence, the message needs to restart pass among the processes. This make the process for the election for leader consumed longer than other algorithms. Algorithms analysis In modified Bully Algorithm, if a single node detects the coordinator is crashed, N (i) with an order of O (n) is obtained as follows: The order of message passing increase to O(n2) with fault tolerance as follows: Where i is the selected leader ID number. The bully algorithm against the Modified Bully algorithm has been plots for the case when one node notices that the coordinator has crashed. From the graph, the traffic for the Bully algorithm from the beginning is much higher than modified Bully algorithm. Hence it keeps decrease when the process ID noticed increased. Meanwhile, the modified Bully algorithm is having a nearly constant for number of message passing. This shows that the traffic in the modified Bully algorithm is much less than Bully algorithm. That means modified Bully algorithm is better than Bully algorithm and has lower traffic flow when election happens. In Token Ring algorithm, the number of message passed with an order of O (n2) is: For the modified Token Ring algorithm is: The number of messages passed reduced and the complexity is much lower. From the graph above, the number of message passing in the ring for the Token Ring algorithm keep increase when the number of processes notices that the coordinator has crashed. But for the modified Token Ring algorithm, the number of message passing in the ring has not much different compare to non-modified. This shows that the traffic flow in the ring for modified ring is much lower than non modified. Conclusion Leader election algorithms play an important role in distributed system. The modified Bully algorithm and Modified Token Ring algorithm are efficient and easier to implement in all cases if compare to the existing one. But, still need a lot of improvement have to be done so that the algorithms can be more safety and efficient in the electing the coordinator in distributed system.

THE SECOND COMING BY WILLIAM YEATS Essay -- essays research papers

William Butler Yeats, a multitalented individual won the Nobel Prize in 1923. Born the son of a well known Irish painter and religious skeptic had many influences in his life. Eventually, he converted to Paganism from Christianity. He is till this day considered one of the greatest poets that ever lived. To understand the meaning of William Butler Yeats poem â€Å"The Second Coming†, you must first understand the difference between Christianity and Paganism. Yeats was raised as a Christian and turned to pagan mysticism later in his life. Therefore, we can find the subject of this poem by tracing his flow of thought through Christianity up to the point when he diverged from it. Christianity is based around the soul. The soul becomes healthy by its removal from the sin, which it inherits in the world. A healthy or virtuous soul is close to God by contact with the Holy Spirit. The Holy Spirit can be considered the spirit of God on earth. Jesus Christ is thought to be the embodiment of the Holy Spirit, therefore the embodiment of virtue. In contrast, Pagans worship the spirit of earth as a god, believing it to be the ultimate force, which is neither good nor evil. The religion states the more base human tendencies that Christians would call sinful would be glorified as the reflections of nature. These would include pursuits of pleasure, luxury, or sexual gratification. Many modern pagans especially the ones Yeats associated with do not dispute the ideas of Christianity concerning God but they do not worship him. Early leaders of this movement, like Alister Crowley, with whom Yeats was associated with considered themselves Satanists in this right since Christians equate the spirit of the world with the devil. Yeats was certainly a Christian at some point in his life and makes allusions to Christian faith in â€Å"The Second Coming†, which would indicate that he lends some credence to it, so we can assume that he took the Satanist point of view. As the world turned towards paganism so did Yeats. The poem, while on one level is an earnest description of the change that is occurring to mankind, it is also an earnest illustration of his change to paganism. The opening eight lines illustrate the strife Yeats had seen in his lifetime from a Christian point of view. They describe man as moving away from God in a desperate tone, obviously not written by a pagan. Upon his cries to... ... Alliteration â€Å"surely some†, â€Å"stony sleep†. Onomatopoeia is also on display â€Å"vexed†, â€Å"slouches†. The piece also includes some simile â€Å"blank and pitiless as the sun†, and metaphor â€Å"stony sleep†. The tone is set early on in the poem. It opens with a neutral tone; the non-realistic imagery makes the opening disengaged. The impact of the first two lines is not lent by tone, but by their peculiarity and imagery. The sense of devastation that pervades the poem is introduced in the second part, it is explicitly stated that â€Å"things fall apart†, and this is further emphasized by the words â€Å"anarchy†, â€Å"blood-dimmed tide†, â€Å"passionate intensity†. However, the poem itself, which is so far dealing in abstractions, lacks this passionate intensity. Its tone could be described as anxious. In conclusion, â€Å"The Second Coming† is about William Butler Yeats belief in Paganism. He vividly describes this religion and compares it to Christianity in his poem. This message although hidden can be uncovered through careful analysis and patient reading. This poem is Yeats way of telling people that the world will start to switch to paganism and as he already did at the time of writing this great piece of work.

Field Hockey Essay

I’ve never been known to be athletic. Most of my friends are quite the athletes and many of them are at D1 schools playing what they’re good at. Typically, athletes begin at a very young age and become skilled at their sport. Unfortunately, I was not raised to be an athlete; my parents never enforced it and at the time I never asked. It bothers me that they never thought of letting me try soccer, basketball, swimming, or gymnastics. However, I took matters into my own hands and tried out for Field Hockey. Picking up a sport at a young age is probably easier than picking it up your sophomore year in high school. I was influenced by many of my friends who I met my freshman year to try out. They had been playing field hockey since they were in the sixth grade. I decided to give it a shot since my friends said they were willing to help me out and teach me. Also because my childhood best friend, Caitlyn, was also trying out. My friend, Emily Cole, is a field hockey goddess to everyone who knows the sport. She is one of the best in the nation and knowing she would be there to help me get the hang of it was comforting. Once pre-season rolled around, I thought I knew what I was getting myself into. I don’t think I have ever been that sore in my life but once we started the season I was playing at the Junior Varsity level. I felt out of place because my friends were on Varsity. At one point during the season Caitlyn was a swinger playing both Varsity and Junior Varsity. It was a wakeup call, I could not believe she was playing with the Varsity team when both she and I had just started playing this sport together, I felt envious. It made me realize that nothing will ever get handed to you and that if you want something you have to go after it. My whole sophomore year, I worked on my stick work and learned the rules. I promised myself that I would be on the varsity team the upcoming season. Summer 2010, I would go running every day and work on everything I needed improvement on. I would remind myself about what it felt like not being on the Varsity team. During pre-season I proved to the Varsity coach that I did have what it took to be on the team. My original mile time was ten minutes my sophomore year. That year it was under seven minutes. Coach A was never the one to show any type of emotion but I knew she was proud. After a week of pre-season, we had to have practice indoors because it was raining and it was also the day Coach A had the uniforms out. She told us to stretch out and that meant practice was over. We all sat and stretched out and she said, â€Å"Returning varsity from last year, grab your uniform† and once every one had grabbed their uniform she said, â€Å"Gabby, you can go pick your number† I had never been so content! It felt amazing knowing that I finally had a spot on a team and even though I’ve never been much of an athlete, I did it. Once the season began, I was ready to play at the varsity level. My JV coach would always try to coach me because he knew that I had potential to be better than what I was demonstrating. I played left forward and playing left forward as a righty wasn’t easy. In order to be good at that position, you had to know where to place your stick at the right time to get a deflection into the goal. Field hockey is a sport in where you have to be aggressive which was what I lacked. The few times that Coach A gave me the opportunity to show her what I was about didn’t work out to my favor. I would miss balls that my nine year old brother could stop. That year I did not start and despite how much fun it was bonding with the older girls it wasn’t sitting on the bench. Our 2010 Field hockey team went undefeated and won a State Championship title. We did receive rings that year but it never felt right wearing that ring because as much as I was on the team I felt like I never did anything to deserve it. That year made me question why I even bothered in the first place. The rest of the school year, I put a lot of thought into whether or not I should try out for the team next year. I never once thought positive about the upcoming year, I felt used and not needed on the team. Most of my friends on the Varsity team were graduating and the only one left was Emily, the all-star. Therefore I could not settle to play like an average plater, I was expected to step up. It was my senior year, why go through all that trouble and quit? I wasn’t sure returning the upcoming season was the best idea but I did it anyway. I could not allow myself to quit knowing I had made it that far. Every day after practice, I would ask Emily to stay and help me whether it was with conditioning or stick work. I had no other option but to step up and help my team. There were finally spots which I could fill in for; the only problem was they were big shoes to fill in. I knew that if I wanted to start this year, I would have to put aside all of my fears and work harder than ever before. In the beginning of the season I did not start. At that point, I was on the verge of just quitting because it was clear that everything I was doing was not working. It wasn’t that my coach didn’t believe in me, it was obvious I didn’t believe in myself. My team and I entered post season undefeated. Our coach always said that depending on how your warm up goes that’s how you will play. My warm up went fairly well that day and my coach decided to put me in. I knew that this game was important and I had to leave all of my emotions on the bench. We were down by two and Emily had got a hold of the ball in the circle, I ran to where I was supposed to be on the right post at the right time with the right angle and it deflected into the goal so perfectly. It was one of the best feelings I had ever felt. I remember my team jumping on top of me and my coach yelling, â€Å"I knew you could do it!’ I felt so much more confident and a sense of relief. It made me realize why I was playing and why I didn’t quit. As the season went on I was so glad that I had made the right decision, I became one of the leading top scorers and became part of the starting lineup for the rest of the season. We kept our title by winning another State Championship. This time around I was proud to wear the ring that was given to us. Every year after our season ends we have a banquet where our coach gives us all a little gift and talks about each one of us. I remember Coach A saying she was so proud of who I had become on the field and knew all along I had it in me. All I could say to her was thank you for being the coach that she was and believing in me. This experience taught me that nothing comes easy. There are things that you will go after but never fully grasp. It taught me that in life not everything goes your way. You will get pushed to the ground but it is up to you if you get up and keep fighting. Even though Field hockey was never on my list of sports that I wish I had played, I’m so grateful for the friends I met who pushed me into playing this sport. It just goes to show that you can really do anything you set your mind to. It just depends on your attitude and how you go about the things that are thrown at you. Many people take the easy way out and just quit but holding on even though the road is rocky for most of the way is true ambition. It all depends on the kind of person you are or want to become. My coach always said, â€Å"Quitters never win and winners never quit.†