A Study into the Effect of Varying Length of Warm Up on Performance of 400 Metre Sprint The WritePass Journal

A Study into the Effect of Varying Length of Warm Up on Performance of 400 Meter Sprint Unique A Study into the Effect of Varying Length of Warm Up on Performance of 400 Meter Sprint ) saw stretch warm-ups performed for changing measures of time before run. They found that runs performed inside 5 minutes of warm-up were unfavorably affected by sets of stretches, anyway their examinations included 10 and 20 meter runs just, and their example set contained just 16 athletes.â â There are moderately hardly any investigations exploring.â Hajoglou et al (2005) take a gander at the effect of warm up time, yet upon execution in cycle preliminaries. They found that 4 brief perseverance cycling preliminaries were performed better after warm up, yet found no proof for warm-up length having an impact.â â Arnett (2002) took a gander at the contrast among delayed and decreased warm ups, and discovered expanded term of warm up was not gainful to performance,â â but rather this examination analyzed swim execution. Subsequently, while various examinations investigate the kinds of warm-up exercises which work best, less consideration has been paid to the connection between time spent on warm-up and performance.â Additionally, a few investigations utilize various sorts of competitor, and are thus less pertinent to runners. For instance, contemplates completed among rugby players can offer just constrained bits of knowledge to run performance.â To the degree that current examinations take a gander at run, they additionally will in general glance at short run execution, normally 30m or less. In the light of this, it is felt that the current examination will include new bits of knowledge intoâ the comprehension of how to accomplish ideal run performance.â â Not just has the connection between warm-up time and run execution been under-researched, there is no examination at all of the effect of various warm up times on 400m sprint.â â There is by all accounts blended proof about the effect of warm up for the most part on execution, both in run and different kinds of game. The accompanying examination speculation will in this way be tried by the investigation: Time allotment spent on warm up has an effect upon execution in 400m run. Various examination addresses will be researched in the investigation: Does period of time spent in warm up have an impact upon run execution? What length warm up time is related with quickest run execution? What are the systems connecting warm up time and run execution? 3. Philosophy This area sets out the manner by which the examination study will be completed. It isolates into intelligent subsections to cover the various zones included. 3.1 Participants The investigation will include 40 athletes.â For the motivations behind this examination, competitors are confined to people matured 16-30 who participate in serious running in any event once per month, who are an individual from a games club or affiliation, and who train day by day for in any event an hour.â â The analyst will contact various games bodies including nearby running clubs and the college running relationship in the main example, to discover reasonable members to take part.â â Initially, contact will be made by the authoritative secretary or comparable by phone or email to clarify the motivation behind the investigation, and to demand help in finding appropriate contender to partake. Care will be taken to guarantee that the example is illustrative of the more extensive populace of intrigue (runners), and that inclination is maintained a strategic distance from in the choice system (Monsen and Horn 2007). 3.2 Materials and Procedure The examination will include 40 competitors playing out the equivalent warm up schedule. The routine incorporates running just as powerful and static extending. Every competitor will play out a 5 moment warm up, at that point their exhibition running the 400 meters will be timed.â Two days after the fact, similar competitors will be coordinated running, this time following a 10 moment warm up. This will be rehashed twice, each time following two days, and each time expanding the warm up time by 10 minutes (to 20 minutes and 30 minutes).â â The point is to examine which warm up time creates similar outcomes. One issue with this methodology is guaranteeing that conditions are proportionate on every day that the test is done. On the off chance that climate conditions vary, this may cause contrasts in running rate (Hawley 2000).â Equally, diet varieties or different varieties individual to the competitors may cause changes in recorded running pace, yet these are to a lesser extent an issue as, in contrast to the climate, they will most likely not influence all the competitors who take part.â â One method of managing results being affected by factors beside the one tried is arbitrarily dole out competitors into four gatherings, each of these are tried around the same time, and each gets ready for a specific period of time. Notwithstanding, this would diminish the example size for each gathering, and bigger example sizes yield increasingly solid outcomes (Ware and Brewer 1999).â The principal system will thusly be embraced. Since the investigation includes human subjects, moral contemplations should be seen to guarantee that nobody included goes to any damage or increases out of line advantage by being remembered for the examination. 3.3 Data Analysis The information will be quantitative in nature (that is, communicated as numbers as opposed to text).â It will be gone into a factual PC program, for example, SPSS, so as to do graphic and other measurable tests. The ANOVA test will be performed on the information. It is a  widely utilized measurable methodology which thinks about information from examinations where there are multiple conditions. As opposed to utilizing a few t-tests to look at implies, the ANOVA test thinks about all arrangements of results, to demonstrate whether the outcomes contrast fundamentally from condition to condition (Brace et al 2006). 4. End The above has given a review of the system and pertinent writing for this proposed research study, taking a gander at whether varieties in warm up time have an effect upon execution for competitors finishing a 400 meter run. 4. References Change, M J (2004) Science of adaptability (third edn.), Human Kinetics, USA Arnett, M G (2002) ‘Effects of drawn out and diminished warm-ups on diurnal variety in internal heat level and swim performance’, Journal of Strength Conditioning Research, 16:2, 256-261 Binnie, M J, Landers, G and Peeling, P (2011) ‘Effect of various warm-up methods on resulting swim and generally speaking run separation marathon performance’, Diary of Strength and Conditioningâ Research. Minister, D (2003) ‘Warm Up II: Performance Changes Following Active Warm Up and How to Structure the Warm Up’,â Sports Medicine, 33:7, 483-498. Boyle, M (2004) Functional preparing for sports, Human Kinetics, USA Support, N, Kemp, R and Snelgar, R (2006) SPSS for analysts: a manual for information investigation utilizing SPSS for Windows, Routledge, London Bradley, P S, Olsen, P D and Portas, M D (2007) ‘The impact of static, ballistic and proprioceptive neuromuscular help extending on vertical hop performance’, Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 21:1, 223â€226 Creeks, D (2004) The total book of individual preparing, Human Kinetics, USA Carr, G A (1999) Fundamentals of olympic style sports (second edn), Human Kinetics, USA Dintiman,â G B and Ward, R D (2003) Sports speed (third edn), Human Kinetics, USA Girard, O, Carbonnel, Y, Candau, R and Millet, G (2009) ‘Running versus quality based warm-up: intense impacts on isometric knee expansion function’, European Journal of Applied Physiology, 106:4, 573-581 Hajoglu, A, Foster, C, De Koning, J, Lucia, A, Kernozek, T W and Porcari, J P (2005) ‘Effect of Warm-Up on Cycle Time Trial Performance’, Medicine Science in Sports Exercise, 37:9, 1608-1614 Hawley, J A (2000) Running,  John Wiley Sons, USA Hilfiker, R, Hubner, K, Lorenz, T and Marti, B (2007) ‘Effects of drop hops added to the warm-up of world class sport competitors with a high limit with regards to unstable power development’,â Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 21:2, 550-555 Kraemer, W, Fleck, S and Deschenes, M (2011) Exercise Physiology: Integrating Theory and Application, Lippincott Williams Wilkins, Baltimore, MD McArdle, W D and Katch, F I (2009) Exercise Physiology: Nutrition, Energy, and Human Performance (seventh edn), Lippincott Williams Wilkins, Baltimore, MD MacAuley, D and Best, T M (2007) Evidence-based games medication (second edn.), John Wiley Sons, Hoboken, NJ Mitchell, J B and Huston, J S (1993) ‘The impact of high-and low-force warm-up on the physiological reactions to a normalized swim and fastened swimming performance’,â Journal of Sports Sciences, 11:2, 159-165. Monsen, E R and Horn, L V (2007) Research: Successful Approaches (third edn), ADA, USA National Coaching Foundation (2007) Motivation and Mental ToughnessCoachwise 1st4sport, USA Nelson, A, Driscoll, N, Landin, D, Young, M and Schexnayder, I (2005) ‘Acute impacts of aloof muscle extending on run performance’, Journal of Sports Sciences, 23:5, 449-454. O’Sullivan, K, Murray, E and Sainsbury, D (2009) ‘The impact of warm-up, static extending and dynamic extending on hamstring adaptability in recently harmed subjects’, BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 10:37. Stewart, M, Adams, R, Alonso, A, Van Koesveld, B and Campbell, S (2007)â ‘Warm-up or stretch as groundwork for run execution? Diary of Science and Medicine in Sport, 10:6,â 403-410 Stewart, I B and Sleivert, G (1998) ‘The impact of warm-up power on scope of movement and anaerobic performance’, J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 27:2, 154-161. Tomaras, E K and MacIntosh, B R (2011) ‘Less is progressively: standard warm-up causes exhaustion and less warm-up licenses more noteworthy cycling power output’, Journal of Applied Physiology 111, p. 228-235 Turki, O,

Heres How to Use Attribution to Avoid Plagiarism in Your News Stories

Heres How to Use Attribution to Avoid Plagiarism in Your News Stories As of late I was altering a story by an understudy of mine at the junior college where I educate reporting. It was a games story, and at one point there was a statement from one of the expert groups in close by Philadelphia. Be that as it may, the statement was basically positioned in the story with no attribution. I realized it was exceptionally far-fetched that my understudy had handled a one-on-one meeting with this mentor, so I asked him where he had gotten it. I saw it in a meeting on one of the neighborhood link sports channels, he let me know. At that point you have to ascribe the statement to the source, I let him know. You have to clarify that the statement originated from a meeting done by a TV organize. This occurrence raises two issues that understudies regularly are new to, to be specific, attribution and written falsification. The association, obviously, is that you should utilize appropriate attribution so as to maintain a strategic distance from copyright infringement. Attribution Lets talk about attribution first. Whenever you use data in your report that doesnt originate from your own firsthand, unique detailing, that data must be credited to the source where you discovered it. For instance, lets state youre composing a tale about how understudies at your school are being influenced by changes in gas costs. You talk with heaps of understudies for their suppositions and put that in your story. That is your very own case unique detailing. Be that as it may, lets state you additionally refer to measurements about how much gas costs have risen or fallen as of late. You may likewise incorporate the normal cost of a gallon of gas in your state or even the nation over. Odds are, you most likely got those numbers from a site, either a news site like The New York Times, or a site that explicitly centers around crunching those sorts of numbers. Its fine in the event that you utilize that information, however you should ascribe it to its source. So in the event that you got the data from The New York Times, you should compose something like this: As indicated by The New York Times, gas costs have fallen about 10 percent over the most recent three months. That is all that is required. As should be obvious, attribution isnt muddled. In fact, attribution is extremely basic in reports, since you dont need to utilize commentaries or make lists of sources the manner in which you would for an examination paper or article. Just refer to the source at the point in the story where the information is utilized. In any case, numerous understudies neglect to appropriately characteristic data in their reports. I regularly observe articles by understudies that are loaded with data taken from the Internet, none of it ascribed. I dont think these understudies are intentionally attempting to pull off something. I think the issue is the way that the Internet offers an apparently boundless measure of information that is immediately open. Weve all gotten so acquainted with googling something we have to think about, and afterward utilizing that data in the manner in which we see fit. In any case, a columnist has a higher duty. The individual in question should consistently refer to the wellspring of any data they havent assembled themselves. (The exemption, obviously, includes matters of basic information. On the off chance that you state in your story that the sky is blue, you dont need to ascribe that to anybody, regardless of whether you havent glanced out the window for some time.) For what reason is this so significant? In such a case that you dont appropriately quality your data, youll be powerless against charges of counterfeiting, which is just about the most noticeably terrible sin a writer can submit. Written falsification Numerous understudies dont comprehend written falsification in very along these lines. They consider it something that is done in an exceptionally expansive and determined manner, for example, reordering a report from the Internet, at that point putting your byline on top and sending it to your teacher. That is clearly written falsification. In any case, most instances of literary theft that I see include the inability to quality data, which is a significantly more inconspicuous thing. Also, regularly understudies dont even acknowledge they are taking part in written falsification when they refer to unattributed data from the Internet. To abstain from falling into this snare, understudies should plainly comprehend the differentiation between firsthand, unique revealing and data gathering, i.e., interviews the understudy has led oneself, and used announcing, which includes getting data that another person has just accumulated or gained. Lets come back to the model including gas costs. At the point when you read in The New York Times that gas costs have fallen 10 percent, you may think about that as a type of data gathering. All things considered, you are perusing a report and getting data from it. Be that as it may, recollect, to find out that gas costs had fallen 10 percent, The New York Times needed to do its own revealing, most likely by conversing with somebody at an administration organization that tracks such things. So for this situation the first revealing has been finished by The New York Times, not you. Lets take a gander at it another way. Lets state you by and by met an administration official who revealed to you that gas costs had fallen 10 percent. That is a case of you doing unique announcing. In any case, and, after its all said and done, you would need to state who was giving you the data, i.e., the name of the authority and the office that he works for.â To put it plainly, the most ideal approach to maintain a strategic distance from written falsification in news-casting is to do your own announcing and property any data that doesnt originate from your own detailing. In reality, when composing a report its better to air on crediting data an excessive amount of instead of excessively little. An allegation of copyright infringement, even of the unintended kind, can rapidly demolish a columnists vocation. Its a situation you just dont need to open. To refer to only one model, Kendra Marr was a rising star at Politico.com when editors discoveredâ shed lifted material from articles done by contending news outlets. Marr wasnt given another opportunity. She was terminated. So if all else fails, property.

5 Hilarious How-To Books

5 Hilarious How-To Books Oh, dear. Apparently, there are how-to books, and then there are how-to books. I mean, what a wonderful place this world is when you can find books that help you in your quest to date a vampire, hypnotize anyone in under a minute, or be the best zombie you can be. You want to do ____? Theres a book for that, people. And in keeping with this helping spirit, I give you five of the most hilarious how-to books. Some of these are meant to be funny, and some are, sadly, meant to be taken very, very seriously. Ill let you decide which is which! How to Tell If Your Cat is Plotting to Kill You How to Tell if Your Cat is Plotting to Kill You by The Oatmeal (Matthew Inman) (Andrews McMeel Publishing, 2012) I gotta say, this book has to be my favorite how-to. I mean, all this time I was thinking that my parents sweet little kitty was showing his affection by kneading their stomachs with his paws or dropping dead bugs at their feet. The Oatmeal here tells us otherwise. Kneading a human is a cats way of checking for weak organs! Dead things dropped at your feet are WARNINGS, NOT PRESENTS! Who knew? How to Be Inappropriate How to be Inappropriate by Daniel Nester (Soft Skull Press, 2009) According to the description, this book has it all: probing essays, lists, profiles, barstool rants, queries, pedantic footnotes, play scripts, commonplace miscellany, and overly revealing memoir. Oh my. I guess if you hate awkwardness, this book will make you really squirmy. But if you didnt find shows like *The Office* too painful to watch, then youre good for this book. How to Make Someone Fall in Love With You in 90 Minutes or Less by Nicholas Boothman (Workman Publishing Company, 2009) According to the reviews, this book isnt as in-your-face, here-are-all-the-answers-toute-de-suite! as its title suggests. Its more about making yourself confident than tricking someone into falling in love with you (in 90 minutes or less!). But why 90 minutes? Why not 114 minutes? Or 58 minutes? Or 1 minute? And all that stuff that people say about cultivating a relationship over time and actively making it work? I guess this book would call that stuff a bunch of malarkey. How to Be a Totally Awesome Zombie by Melody Litton (CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform (2013) Ok, so the zombie apocalypse is coming someday- are you prepared??? I mean, dont you want to be the very best zombie that you can be? There will be plenty of zombies around, and you dont want to blend in with that same tired look of blood and brains and ripped clothing. Let this book help you get your zombie game on. How to Get a Date With a Vampire (And What to Do With Him Once Youve Got Him) by Kiki Olson (Contemporary Books, 1992) This how-to promises to teach you how to really sink your teeth into a relationship with a vampire (eye-roll, eye-roll, eye-roll). (Did I mention that bad puns drive me insane?) Anyway, if youve ever been madly in love with a vampire, or you wished that YOU could have hung out in Draculas castle, this is most certainly the book for you. I guess a mwah ha ha is in order here. ____________________________ Sign up for our newsletter to have the best of Book Riot delivered straight to your inbox every week. No spam. We promise. To keep up with Book Riot on a daily basis, follow us on Twitter, like us on Facebook, , and subscribe to the Book Riot podcast in iTunes or via RSS. So much bookish goodnessall day, every day.

Drug Reactions Of The Elderly Population Greater Than 65...

Polypharmacy is an emerging problem that has drastically increased in the past 20 years (Alpert, 2015). This is a huge problem in the elderly population greater than 65 years old because this group is more likely to have been diagnosed with multiple conditions that require many different medications. Other reasons include the increasing availability of newer medications that treat more than one condition, the elderly who are known to be on multiple pills a day, and providers prescribing more than one drug to aggressively treat chronic conditions (Alpert, 2015). About 44% of men and 57% of women greater than 65 years of age take five or more medications in a week, about 10% of both men and women take more than ten pills each week (Woodruff, 2010). The main concern about having the elderly on so many medications at once is the chance of adverse drug reactions from potential drug interactions. They can be on both prescribed medications and over the counter medications, vitamins, or supplements. The most common over the counter medications that often lead to serious adverse drug reactions include acetaminophen, ibuprofen, and aspirin (Woodruff, 2010). Another reason that the elderly are more susceptible to adverse drug reactions is the fat and water composition changes, they have increased fat storage and decreased total body water, this allows for higher concentration of water soluble drugs and longer half-lives of fat soluble drugs (Woodruff, 2010). Changes in the liver andShow MoreRelatedSymptoms And Treatment Of A Geriatric Syndrome Essay1399 Words   |  6 Pagespolypharmacy as the consequences of multiple concurrent medications taken to primarily manage existing health problems such as hypertension and diabetes. Polypharma cy is a typical problem among older adults. 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Public School For Reconsider Publicly Funding Catholic...

Gabriella DeFina Mr. McGilly ENG 3U1 Friday, May 13, 2016 Time to Reconsider Publicly Funding Catholic Schools In Toronto alone there are about 800 schools of all grade levels. Within these 800, approximately 200 of them are catholic, thereby meaning about 25% of schools in Toronto are catholic. This poses the question: Why Catholics? Why does the government choose this religion to publically fund as an individual board? It could relate to back in the 1600s when the world was pretty much an Oligarchy of Theocracy. However, it is now the 21st century and the world does not work like that anymore. Although prevalent, Catholicism is not what it used to be. Nowadays, it is more a personal choice rather than the societal norm. In†¦show more content†¦Why did our ancestors decide it was necessary to have religion and education as a combined learning environment? This can be traced back to the settlement of the British and French. This is an indication that Canada has always been a constant battle between protestant and catholic. Evidently, the British prevailed, this is the beginning of a country devoted to Christianity, or was. The world is not what it used to be, people do not surround their lives around religion anymore, especially youth. There are so many other pressing topics that are circulating the world today that religion is no longer in the spotlight. Therefore, since times are changing rapidly, education systems should follow. Realistically speaking, students are not as devoted Catholics as the Catholic school expects them to be. As someone who has been in a catholic school for my entire life, it is fair to say that my peers do not take the religious aspects of Catholic schools seriously. Mass has commonly become an excuse to skip and sleep in or do other assignments. Religion is considered a â€Å"joke class† that students do not care about. Prayers on the announcements have become a great way to waste class time or it is simply boring. Catholics who created the initial catholic schools would be rolling in their graves at the disrespect students give to catholic schools. It is evide nt that religion no longer fits into the norm of schools. There should be a time and place

Evaluate President Kennedy’s Handling of the Cuban Missile Crisis Free Essays

In 1962 the humankind faced the biggest threat to destroy itself. In 1962 October the Cuban Missile crisis broke out and for thirteen days held the world as its hostage. The Crisis broke out when Khrushchev brought his missiles in Cuba to help Cuba protect themselves from possible attack and invasion from United States of America. We will write a custom essay sample on Evaluate President Kennedy’s Handling of the Cuban Missile Crisis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Since Cuba is a neighbour to United States this action threatened to USA only by its existence. For America the main goal was to persuade Khrushchev to take back the missiles. Achieving this goal the most important persona was John Fitzgerald Kennedy, whose successes and failures were crucial in the progress of Cuban Missile Crisis. Firstly, one of the failures of President Kennedy is that he underestimated Cuba and its relationships with Soviet Union. Only when the Missiles were placed in Cuba America’s spies noticed that they do exist. America and its leaders nor did expect that Soviet Union could place Missiles in Cuba, nor payed much attention what is happening so close to them. Somehow Americans missed intense ship routs between Soviet Union and Cuba and did not thought that they can hide loads dangerous to whole human kind. The second failure of F. Kennedy was that he provoked the crisis to break out. He was the first one who placed missiles in Turkey near the territory of Soviet Union and by this action threatened to the country. When the Missile Crisis broke out F. Kennedy did not even remembered that America has its powerful weapons near the territory of Soviet Union. Also, Americans were the ones who wanted Fidel Castro and communism elimination from Cuba and by this wish they encouraged Soviet Union to take action. Soviet Union held itself as a country responsible for the spread of communism and America only proved that communism needs to be defended. So for Soviet Union it was a moral and legal justification by placing missiles in Cuba because of America’s president’s actions earlier. Secondly, the success of F. Kennedy is that he managed to convince the rest of the world that the placement of the missiles so close to the USA’s territory is a unjust action toward America. Having in mind that Americans were the first ones who places such powerful weapons near the Soviet territory this task should have been very difficult. The main argument for F. Kennedy was that he did not hide himself and his action when he placed his missiles in Turkey and the SU did hide its actions. F. Kennedy with this argument managed persuade the rest of the world that Soviet Union are the first one who started threaten for USA and not contrary. Also, F. Kennedy’s success was that he did not publicly enjoy and proclaim his nuclear power in the world arena. The fact that he did forget the fact that America has its missiles in Turkey proves the fact that he did not hide anything, but also did not remind to everyone about his countries power. This feature was very useful during the missile crisis, since it helped to save America’s as innocent victim image. The President even managed to justify its missiles in Turkey by saying that the NATO was responsible for the place of missiles and only USA provided it with them. Moreover, the President succeeded in not only saving America’s image, but also his own. In the time of crisis during the meeting of his principal advisory group he taped the meeting. In the tape he postured himself as a leader, whose only goal is peace and good relationships with Cuba. Furthermore, F. Kennedy’s other success was his determination peacefully solve this dispute. He was gave orders to his subordinates to remove the missiles from Turkey even though it could not be seen done so in exchange for Soviet Union’s removal of its missiles from Cuba. In addition to that, F. Kennedy succeeded in controlling the situation. He gave explicate orders not to fire the missiles in Turkey without his direct orders. In this way he prevented the misunderstandment between officers and made sure that only if Soviet Union attack for sure, USA will respond. F. Kennedy wanted himself determine whether America’s nuclear weapons will be used or not. Also, F. Kennedy understood as clearly as no one else how dangerous and destroying the nuclear war can be. He also understood that this missile crisis was a step, that could lead to the break out of World War 3 and possibly a nuclear war. Because of this knowledge F. Kennedy pushed for compromise much more stronger that anyone in his administration did. The last Kennedy’s success in handling Cuban Missile Crisis was that after the removal of Soviet Union’s missiles from Cuba America’s leader did not boost himself nor humiliate Soviet Union in achieving its goal. With this way he extinguished the dispute for many years. To conclude, we can state that Kennedy during Cuban Missile Crisis made his mistakes, but the good decisions overbalanced the bad ones. President Kennedy with his wish of peace managed to handle the Crisis, his owns and Americans emotions. This Crisis could have lead to the end of the world, but because of Kennedy’s and Khrushchev’s actions it did not. How to cite Evaluate President Kennedy’s Handling of the Cuban Missile Crisis, Papers

Making Grape as an ink free essay sample

Grape is a fruiting berry of the deciduous woody vines of the botanical genus Vitis. Grapes can be eaten raw or they can be used for making wine, jam, juice, jelly, grape seed extract, raisins, vinegar, and grape seed oil. Grapes are a non-climacteric type of fruit, generally occurring in clusters. The combination of unique texture and sweet, tart flavor has made grapes an ever popular between-meal snack as well as a refreshing addition to both fruit and vegetable salads. Grapes are a type of fruit that grow in clusters of 15 to 300, and can be crimson, black, dark blue, yellow, green, orange and pink. White grapes are actually green in color, and are evolutionarily derived from the purple grape. Mutations in two regulatory genes of white grapes turn off production of anthocyanins, which are responsible for the color of purple grapes. [6] Anthocyanins and other pigment chemicals of the larger family of polyphenols in purple grapes are responsible for the varying shades of purple in red wines. [7][8] Grapes are typically an ellipsoid shape resembling a prolate spheroid. Most grapes come from cultivars of Vitis vinifera, the European grapevine native to the Mediterranean and Central Asia. The potential of black grape, as an ink, is the anthocyanins in its content. Ink is a liquid or paste that contains pigments or dyes and is used to color a surface to produce an image, text, or design. Ink can be a complex medium, composed of solvents, pigments, dyes, resins, lubricants, solubilizers, surfactants, particulate matter, fluorescers, and other materials. The components of inks serve many purposes; the ink’s carrier, colorants, and other additives affect the flow and thickness of the ink and its appearance when dry. B. Statement of the Problem Inks today have many artificial chemicals that could harm one’s health. Some commercials would say that their ink is non-toxic but it doesn’t mean that it can’t harm our environments. Because of these, an alternative for this problems is by using black grape’s juice as ink. C. Objectives of the Study General Objectives: †¢This investigatory project aims to find out if black grape juice can be used to create an ink.. Specific Objectives: †¢To determine if vinegar can strengthen the color of the product. †¢To determine if cornstarch can contribute to achieving the right consistency of the black grape ink. D. Significance of the Study This investigatory project will benefit people by producing alternative ink. Even though grapes are expensive, it is harmless compared to commercially produced inks that have dangerous chemicals. Black grapes are less expensive when it comes to health compared to commercially produced ink because when swallowed, it needs medical attention because of its possible side effects. E. Scope and Limitations of the Study The researchers will not discuss any far-off topics that will confuse the readers. The researchers will not cover further research like health benefits of grapes like astringent, anti-inflammatory antioxidant, anti-carcinogenic agent, anti-tumor agent other species of grapes, and other products related to ink, uses in printers, copiers and ball pens. The research is only limited in producing ink from black grapes. F. Definition of Terms Ink Ink is a liquid or paste that contains pigments or dyes and is used to color a surface to produce an image, text, or design. Anthocyanins – are water-soluble vacuolar pigments that may appear red, purple, or blue depending on the pH. Cornstarch or maize starch is the starch derived from the corn (maize) grain. The starch is obtained from the endosperm of the corn kernel. Vinegar is a liquid that is produced from the fermentation of ethanol into acetic acid. The fermentation is carried out by bacteria. Chapter II Review of Related Literature Grape(Vitis vinifera) Grapes are said to be the oldest cultivated fruit. Grapes were found in Egyptian tombs and in the tombs of pre-Christ era as well. This proves the popularity of this fruit. Grapes are natives of Western Asia and Central Europe. From there, grapes have made a long journey to reach all across the globe. South America and North Eastern America are the places of origin for other species, known as the New World species. (Source: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Grape) Several recent studies on grape extract intake by animals, as well as grape juice intake by humans, suggest that grapes may provide us with some important cognitive benefits. Grapes have shown to contain hormone and antioxidant melatonin as well as unique oligopeptides (small protein-like molecules) that have anti-bacterial and other properties. With their overwhelming number of health-supportive phytonutrients, it is not surprising that grapes have been shown to provide many of our body systems with predictable benefits. Areas of benefit in grape include the cardiovascular system, respiratory system, immune system, inflammatory system, blood sugar regulating system, and nervous system. Another area of special benefit is cancer prevention, with risk of breast, prostate, and colon cancer emerging as the most likely areas of grape anti-cancer benefits. ( Source: http://www. whfoods. com/genpage. php? tname=foodspicedbid=40#healthbenefits) Anthocyanins Anthocyanins are found in the cell vacuole, mostly in flowers and fruits but also in leaves, stems, and roots. In these parts, they are found predominantly in outer cell layers such as the epidermis and peripheral mesophyll cells. Anthocyanins are considered secondary metabolites as a food additive with E number E163 (INS number 163); they are approved for use as a food additive in the EU, Australia and New Zealand. Although anthocyanins are powerful antioxidants in vitro, this antioxidant property is unlikely to be conserved after the plant is consumed. As interpreted by the Linus Pauling Institute and European Food Safety Authority, dietary anthocyanins and other flavonoids have little or no direct antioxidant food value following digestion. Unlike controlled test-tube conditions, the fate of anthocyanins in vivo shows they are poorly conserved (less than 5%), with most of what is absorbed existing as chemically modified metabolites that are rapidly excreted. (Source: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Anthocyanin) Cornstarch Corn starch is used as a thickening agent in liquid-based foods (e. g. , soup, sauces, gravies, custard); it is mixed-in with a lower-temperature liquid to form a paste or a slurry. This white powdery substance is used for many culinary, household, and industrial purposes. Corn starch is comprised of long chains of starch molecules, which when heated in the presence of moisture, will unravel and swell. This swelling action, or gelatinization, is what causes the thickening to occur. Corn starch is mainly composed of the amylase and amylopectine molecules. When mixed with water, starch readily becomes a suspension. Depending on the amount of starch that is added into the water, the suspension can either have the same texture as honey or glue. (Sources: http://www. ask. com/question/properties-of-cornstarch, http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Corn_starch,http://foodreference. about. com/od/Food-Additives/a/What-Is-Corn-Starch. htm) Vinegar Vinegar consists of acetic acid (CH3COOH), water and trace amounts of other chemicals, which may include flavorings. The concentration of the acetic acid is variable. Distilled vinegar contains 5-8% acetic acid. Spirit of vinegar is a stronger form of vinegar that contains 5-20% acetic acid. Commercial vinegar is produced either by fast or slow fermentation processes. In general, slow methods are used with traditional vinegars, and fermentation proceeds slowly over the course of months or a year. The longer fermentation period allows for the accumulation of a nontoxic slime composed of acetic acid bacteria. (Sources:http://chemistry. about. com/od/chemicalcomposition/f/What-Is-The-Chemical-Composition-Of-Vinegar. htm, http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Vinegar) Chapter III Methodology A. Materials 1/2 of black grapes 6 tbsp of vinegar 6 tbsp of cornstarch Bowl Measuring cups Electric Juicer Sauce Pan B. Procedures 1. Remove the grapes from their stems and wash it. 2. Put the grapes in the electric juicer and fill up the measuring cup up to 300 ml of grape juice. 3. Put the grape juice in a sauce pan and mix with 6 tbsp of cornstarch or desired consistency and mix until the cornstarch is dissolved. Heat the grape juice and stir. 4. When the grape juice boiled, pour 6 tbsp of vinegar while stirring and remove the sauce pan from heat. Pour the grape juice into a bowl and let it cool down. 5. Use paint brush to test if the grape juice is compatible as an ink. Outcome of the ink Chapter IV Results and Discussion, Conclusion, Recommendation A. Results and Discussion The vinegar and cornstarch used in making an ink results to a thick consistency and consistent colour which is good for the usage of the ink. The researcher’s observations prove that adding vinegar to the mixture can be made into an ink because without the vinegar there would be no consistency on the mixture and it will be less seen. The colour of the black grape ink in the paper turned into brown like colour after it dries up. B. Conclusion Black grapes can be used as an ink.. Cornstarch is an efficient additive to have the right consistency of the product. Also vinegar is also efficient, though there is no obvious change in colour, it was seen that it gave the ink a consistent colour. The researchers recommended boiling the black grape juice in medium heat to avoid staining the base inside the sauce pan which affects the colour of the juice. Also, find out how long is the lifespan of the black grape ink to know how many black grapes to buy to avoid wasting too much grapes. C. Recommendation The researchers would want to recommend to the other researchers who would pursue the study to find out the lifespan of black grape ink and compare the differences with other fruit inks to find out which is more suitable to be used as ink. Budget Estimate Print and photocopies Php Folders Php 45. 00 Grapes Php 245. 00 Cornstarch Php 25. 30 Vinegar Php 2. 00 Total Php 317. 30

The Emergence of a Law of Slavery in Mississippi

Tushnet, Mark V. The American Law of Slavery 1810-1860 Considerations of Humanity and Interest, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1981. Print.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Emergence of a Law of Slavery in Mississippi specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Mark Tushnet has conducted a thorough and has presented it in a book The American Law of Slavery 1810-1860 Considerations of Humanity and Interest. This book presents a thorough analysis of different cases where black slaves were involved. One of the main disadvantages of Mark Tushnet’s writing is that he does not present a strict division of the cases according to their geographical location. Thus, the author dwells upon the court cases involved black slaves in Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana and Georgia. The court cases point at the development of the slavery law in these states. Trying to distinguish the cases related to the Mississippi state, the following aspects were considered, murders, robberies, assaults, labor law, etc. Even though the source under consideration is poorly structured and the information in many cases is vague, the data presented in the book is important in understanding the law of slavery emergence. Turning to the analysis of the book and the cases presented there with the purpose to understand the process of the emergence of the law of slavery in Mississippi, it should be stated that this source is rather confusing as the cases presented there and called â€Å"illustrative and not typical† (Tushnet 223). However, the cases do not have the time limits, it is very difficult to understand when the case took place, therefore, the timeline of the accepted laws cannot be followed using this source. Tushnet ignores some important cases pointing to the fact that there is a great â€Å"volume of the material† (Tushnet 233). However, these cases are important as they show the general as pects and directions of the law of slavery in Mississippi state. Conducting a further research and trying to understand what specific information can be considered from the source, the reader should pay attention to the particular cases discussed in the book. The cases are devoted to various situations when black slaves were convicted in committing specific crimes.Advertising Looking for research paper on african american? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More One of the main crimes which were committed and discussed in the court trials were the murders, robbery, violence, rapes, attempt to escape and absence of the specific certificates of registration which could give slaves freedom. The author of the book presented the cases where judges were either amateur or very prejudiced people whose decisions were always on the side of white parties. The author calls judges â€Å"merely ordinary thinkers† (Tushnet 7) who were unable to make fair decisions. Even though slaves were on the territory from the day of the community emergence, the slaves had some rights. However, the development of the court system in the region and the appearance of the specific cases where slaves were involved into made the community authorities to reconsider the law. Each time new crime involving a black slave was taken to the court, a new law in the legislative system appeared. Slaves were one of the categories of people who did not have ay rights. A crime committed by a slave was punished more severely than the same crime committed by a black person. Most of the evidence which was used for defending a black slave was not include din the case, judges just ignored most of the arguments which could protect a slave. The book shows that slaves did not have any rights and the cases discussed in the book and which were used for creating the law for slaves proves this statement. One more specific aspect devoted to the law of slavery in t he book is the labor law. The author dwells upon numerous cases where slaves were either injured or killed in the industrial accidents. It should be stated that such cases were the main reasons for creating the labor legislation where slaves did not have any rights at all. Each case creates some new law in the legislation. Thus, each time Mississippi state created more and more laws devoted to slavery in the region. Race and class were the main identifiers of the particular decision. The author of the book draws a conclusion that the law of slavery in Mississippi was unprofessional, the court system was not ideal and the general legislature in relation to slaves was prejudiced. Not many resources are devoted to slavery and the book by Tushnet helps understand what specific cases were considered in Mississippi legislation, how cases were solved, whether the court system in the state was ideal and how people reacted to the situation. White authorities and other white citizens of Missi ssippi were sure that slaves did not nave any rights and they do not have any opportunity to do anything to remain legally active. The whole legislative system was created during several years and numerous court cases prove it. When a new situation appeared and was taken to the court, a decision was made not in favor of slaves. Further, a new point in the law of slavery appeared. Finkelman, Paul. Slavery and the Law, New Jersey: Madison House, 1997. Print.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Emergence of a Law of Slavery in Mississippi specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Slavery and the Law is a book edited by Paul Finkelman. This book gathers many specific articles devoted to slavery is different places. Not much information is devoted to Mississippi state, however, that information which is present deserves much attention and may be discussed for a long period of time. It should be stated that he law of slavery in the mentioned above stated was created since the time of the state emergence, however, some laws were added further on the basis of the specific court cases which took place in the country and which were solved in favor of white people. All the cases where slaves were involved supported whites. There were many reasons for such attitude. Reading the source under consideration, the following words may be stressed, slaves, â€Å"Negroes are an inferior caste, incapable of the blessings of free government, and occupying, in the order of nature, an intermediate state between the irrational animal and the white man† (Finkelman 57). Calling black slaves the alien enemies, the author of the source wants to underline that slaves did not have any rights. This was the main concept of the law of slavery in Mississippi. Reading the information in the book, it is possible to conclude that the position of the Mississippi slaves was the most severe as they did not have any rights. There were black people in America who were free, however, the authorities of the Mississippi state were sure that black people did not deserve to be free, they did not deserve to have opinion, and to be equal to white people. Slavery existed in Mississippi from the very inhabitance of the region, therefore, the main laws were crated may years ago. The racist conception was the main in curt decision making. Moreover, the relation to slaves was not good. A slave was nothing, it was like an animal who did not have the right to speak until he/she is asked, etc. One of the main reason according to which the law of slavery was created is that if to give freedom to black slaves, people appear at risk to lose their own freedom. Such philosophy was the central in formation of the law of slavery in Mississippi. The implementation of the racist conception may be explained by the history of slaves emergence in the region.Advertising Looking for research paper on african american? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More From the first day of the emergence of the Mississippi community, black people were considered as slaves. Even without any laws, black people were subjected to performing the activities they did not want to perform. However, having no choice, black people did what they were told. The racial discrimination was obvious from the first days of the community existence, therefore, all the legal acts and decisions which made further were based on the specific consideration of black slaves as those who have neither rights nor freedoms. The racial discrimination, and the law of slavery in the form as it was presented, was based on the idea that black slaves were unable to fell and think like white people could. Why do black slaves need freedom if they were unable to use it? Why did black slaves were offered the rights if they did not know what those right could offer to them. Such prejudiced point of view about black people created existed situation. White people were sure that black slaves were unable to make personal decisions, therefore, they did not consider it necessary to give them such an opportunity. â€Å"The free black man lives amongst us without motive and without hope. He seeks no avocation, is surrounded with necessities, is sunk in degradation; crime can sink him no deeper and he commits if of course† (Finkelman 58). This phrased used in the book underlines the author’s idea about slavery and the attitude of the society to it. Speaking abut this book as about the source devoted to the emergence of a law of slavery in Mississippi, it should be stated that it is rather complicated to find the information which is devoted to the topic directly. Being a good source for slavery, the book contains legal cases which involved slaves as one of the parties of the situation. The authors in this edited book speak about different situation related to slaves and how the courts drew decisions. The source is not really effective as it contains little infor mation about slavery in Mississippi, however, the emergence of law of slavery in general is perfectly discussed in this book. Applying to this source as for discussing the topic of emergence of law of slavery in Mississippi, it should be used in the introduction to dwell upon slavery in general, to discuss the relation to slaves and the general laws which existed in Southern America. Davis, Dernoral. â€Å"A Contested Presence: Free Blacks in Antebellum Mississippi, 1820–1860.† Mississippi History Now, 2012. Web. Dernoral Davis in his article â€Å"A Contested Presence: Free Blacks in Antebellum Mississippi, 1820–1860† dwells upon the history of development the law of slavery in such specific place as Mississippi. The author states that this territory comprised four groups of people from the time of Mississippi inhabitance. Indians, whites, slaves, and free blacks were the main groups of people who lived in the state. There was a law according to which b lack slaves could buy freedom for themselves. Moreover, some slaves could become free if slaveholders freed them. Still, this law lasted not for a long time. Starting with 1825, black slaves were not given such an opportunity, moreover, it was considered as illegal. Thus, it may be said that starting with 1825 the cases of slaves being freed were too rare. Moreover, those slaves who managed to buy freedom up to 1825 had to appear before the court and to prove their rights for freedom. Each free black person had to have a certificate of registration, otherwise, he/she appeared at risk to be jailed. After that, these people were sold at the auction as slaves. The slavery laws in Mississippi did not give rights for slaves to become free. There was a little number of free black people. The new free blacks could become only in case a child is born from a free black mother. Black slaves could become free through the petitions for emancipation. Such option became possible with the law date d from 1822. The laws of slavery in Mississippi have remained in power until the 21st century. Mississippi is the hardly the only place where the laws of slavery remained and were successfully used in the civilized world. Reference List Davis, Dernoral. â€Å"A Contested Presence: Free Blacks in Antebellum Mississippi, 1820–1860.† Mississippi History Now, 2012. Web. Finkelman, Paul. Slavery and The Law, New Jersey: Madison House, 1997. Print. Tushnet, Mark V. The American Law of Slavery 1810-1860 Considerations of Humanity and Interest, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1981. Print. This research paper on The Emergence of a Law of Slavery in Mississippi was written and submitted by user Audriana Washington to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

All About Common Chinese Punctuation Marks

All About Common Chinese Punctuation Marks Chinese punctuation marks are used to organize and clarify written Chinese. Chinese punctuation marks are similar in function to English punctuation marks but sometimes differ in the form or look. All Chinese characters are written to a uniform size, and this size also extends to punctuation marks, so Chinese punctuation marks usually take up more space than their English counterparts. Chinese characters can be written either vertically or horizontally, so the Chinese punctuation marks change position depending on the direction of the text. For example, parentheses and quotation marks are rotated 90 degrees when written vertically, and the full stop mark is placed below and to the right of the last character when written vertically. Common Chinese Punctuation Marks Here are the most commonly used Chinese punctuation marks: Full Stop The Chinese full stop is a small circle that takes the space of one Chinese character. The Mandarin name of the full stop is Ã¥  ¥Ã¨â„¢Å¸/Ã¥  ¥Ã¥  · (jà ¹ ho). It is used at the end of a simple or complex sentence, as in these examples: è «â€¹Ã¤ ½  Ã¥ ¹ «Ã¦Ë†â€˜Ã¨ ² ·Ã¤ ¸â‚¬Ã¤ » ½Ã¥   ±Ã§ ´â„¢Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ¨ ¯ ·Ã¤ ½  Ã¥ ¸ ®Ã¦Ë†â€˜Ã¤ ¹ °Ã¤ ¸â‚¬Ã¤ » ½Ã¦Å  ¥Ã§ º ¸Ã£â‚¬â€šQÇ ng nÇ  bÄ ng wÇ’ mÇŽi yÄ « fà ¨n bozhÇ .Please help me buy a newspaper.é ¯ ¨Ã© ­Å¡Ã¦Ëœ ¯Ã§  ¸Ã© ¡Å¾Ã¤ ¸ Ã¦Ëœ ¯Ã© ­Å¡Ã© ¡Å¾Ã¨ â„¢Ã¨   Ã¦Ëœ ¯Ã§  ¸Ã© ¡Å¾Ã¤ ¸ Ã¦Ëœ ¯Ã© ³ ¥Ã© ¡Å¾Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ© ² ¸Ã© ± ¼Ã¦Ëœ ¯Ã¥â€¦ ½Ã§ ± »Ã¤ ¸ Ã¦Ëœ ¯Ã© ± ¼Ã§ ± »Ã¨ â„¢Ã¨   Ã¦Ëœ ¯Ã¥â€¦ ½Ã§ ± »Ã¤ ¸ Ã¦Ëœ ¯Ã© ¸Å¸Ã§ ± »Ã£â‚¬â€šJÄ «ngyà º shà ¬ shà ²u là ¨i, bà ºshà ¬ yà º là ¨i; biÄ nfà º shà ¬ shà ²u là ¨i, bà ºshà ¬ niÇŽo là ¨i.Whales are mammals, not fish; bats are mammals, not birds. Comma The Mandarin name of the Chinese comma is é€â€"號/é€â€"Ã¥  · (dà ²u ho). It is the same as the English comma, except it takes the space of one full character and is positioned in the middle of the line. It is used to separate clauses within a sentence, and to indicate pauses. Here are some examples: Ã¥ ¦â€šÃ¦Å¾Å"é ¢ ±Ã© ¢ ¨Ã¤ ¸ Ã¤ ¾â€ Ã¦Ë†â€˜Ã¥â‚¬â€˜Ã¥ ° ±Ã¥â€¡ ºÃ¥Å"‹æâ€"…è ¡Å'。å ¦â€šÃ¦Å¾Å"Ã¥  °Ã© £Å½Ã¤ ¸ Ã¦  ¥Ã¦Ë†â€˜Ã¤ » ¬Ã¥ ° ±Ã¥â€¡ ºÃ¥â€º ½Ã¦â€"…è ¡Å'。Rà ºguÇ’ tifÄ“ng bà ¹ li, wÇ’men jià ¹ chÃ… « guà ³ lÇšxà ­ng.If the typhoon does not come, we will take a trip abroad.ç  ¾Ã¥Å" ¨Ã§Å¡â€žÃ©â€º »Ã¨â€¦ ¦Ã§Å"Ÿæ˜ ¯Ã§â€ž ¡Ã¦â€°â‚¬Ã¤ ¸ Ã¨Æ' ½Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ§Å½ °Ã¥Å" ¨Ã§Å¡â€žÃ§â€ µÃ¨â€žâ€˜Ã§Å"Ÿæ˜ ¯Ã¦â€"  Ã¦â€°â‚¬Ã¤ ¸ Ã¨Æ' ½Ã£â‚¬â€šXinzi de dinnÇŽo, zhÄ“nshà ¬ wà º suÇ’ bà ¹ nà ©ng.Modern computers, they are truly essential. Enumeration Comma The enumeration comma is used to separate list items. It is a short dash going from top left to bottom right. The Mandarin name of the enumeration comma is é  â€œÃ¨â„¢Å¸/é ¡ ¿Ã¥  · (dà ¹n ho). The difference between the enumeration comma and the regular comma can be seen in the following example: Ã¥â€"Å"〠Ã¦â‚¬â€™Ã£â‚¬ Ã¥â€œâ‚¬Ã£â‚¬ Ã¦ ¨â€šÃ£â‚¬ Ã¦â€žâ€ºÃ£â‚¬ Ã¦Æ' ¡Ã£â‚¬ Ã¦ ¬ ²Ã¥  «Ã¥ Å¡Ã¤ ¸Æ'æÆ'…。åâ€"Å"〠Ã¦â‚¬â€™Ã£â‚¬ Ã¥â€œâ‚¬Ã£â‚¬ Ã¤ ¹ Ã£â‚¬ Ã§Ë† ±Ã£â‚¬ Ã¦  ¶Ã£â‚¬ Ã¦ ¬ ²Ã¥  «Ã¥ Å¡Ã¤ ¸Æ'æÆ'…。XÇ , nà ¹, Ä i, là ¨, i, à ¨, yà ¹, jiozuà ² qÄ « qà ­ng.Happiness, anger, sadness, joy, love, hate, and desire are known as the seven passions. Colon, Semicolon, Question Mark, and the Exclamation Mark These four Chinese punctuation marks are the same as their English counterparts and have the same usage as in English. Their names are as follows: Colon冒號/冒å  · (mo ho) - Semicolon - 分號/分å  · (fÄ“nho) - Question Mark - å• Ã¨â„¢Å¸/éâ€" ®Ã¥  · (wà ¨nho) - Exclamation Mark - é ©Å¡Ã¥Ëœâ€ Ã¨â„¢Å¸/æÆ'Šå  ¹Ã¥  · (jÄ «ng tn ho) - Quotation Marks Quotation marks are called Ã¥ ¼â€¢Ã¨â„¢Å¸/Ã¥ ¼â€¢Ã¥  · (yÇ n ho) in Mandarin Chinese. There are both single and double quote marks, with the double quotes used within the single quotes: ã€Å'...『...〠...〠 Western-style quotation marks are used in simplified Chinese, but traditional Chinese uses the symbols as shown above. They are used for quoted speech, emphasis and sometimes for proper nouns and titles. è€ Ã¥ ¸ «Ã¨ ª ªÃ£â‚¬Å'ä ½  Ã¥â‚¬â€˜Ã¨ ¦ Ã¨ ¨ËœÃ¤ ½  Ã¥Å"‹çˆ ¶Ã¨ ª ªÃ§Å¡â€žÃ£â‚¬Å½Ã© â€™Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã¨ ¦ Ã§ «â€¹Ã¥ ¿â€"Ã¥ Å¡Ã¥ ¤ §Ã¤ ºâ€¹Ã¤ ¸ Ã¨ ¦ Ã¥ Å¡Ã¥ ¤ §Ã¥ ®ËœÃ£â‚¬ Ã©â‚¬â„¢Ã¥  ¥Ã¨ © ±Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ£â‚¬ Ã¨â‚¬ Ã¥ ¸Ë†Ã¨ ¯ ´Ã¢â‚¬Å"ä ½  Ã¤ » ¬Ã¨ ¦ Ã¨ ® °Ã¤ ½  å› ½Ã§Ë† ¶Ã¨ ¯ ´Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¢â‚¬ËœÃ© â€™Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã¨ ¦ Ã§ «â€¹Ã¥ ¿â€"Ã¥ Å¡Ã¥ ¤ §Ã¤ ºâ€¹Ã¤ ¸ Ã¨ ¦ Ã¥ Å¡Ã¥ ¤ §Ã¥ ®ËœÃ¢â‚¬â„¢Ã¨ ¿â„¢Ã¥  ¥Ã¨ ¯ Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ¢â‚¬ LÇŽoshÄ « shuÃ… : â€Å"NÇ men yo jà ¬zhu Guà ³fà ¹ shuÃ…  de ‘qÄ «ngnin yo là ¬ zhà ¬ zuà ² dshà ¬, bà ¹yo zuà ² d guÄ n’ zhà ¨ jà ¹ hu.†The teacher said: â€Å"You must remember the words of Sun Yat-sen - ‘Youth should be committed to do big things, not to make big government.’

Research project part 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Research project part 4 - Essay Example However, the challenges facing the implementation of the program included that nurses saw the program as an imposed program and the documentation required as a burden. Due to the difficulties facing the implementation of hourly rounding programs, this paper will explore the different variables that need to be checked, towards ensuring that hourly rounding offers solutions to the problem of patient falls. The processes and the structures used during the implementation of hourly rounding affect the success of the program. Unlike the traditional approach used, when implementing an hourly rounding program, the current one will engage and consult medical staffs and patients, who will offer their feedback regarding the impact of the program and the areas to be reviewed, so as to maximize the benefits of the program (Rondinelli et al. 326). The major indicators to be reviewed, in determining the effectiveness of the program, include increasing patient satisfaction, where patients feel that they are well cared for and the second major indicator will be the reduction in patient falls. More importantly, the feedback collected from patients and medical staffs will be used for the review and the repositioning of the structure, processes and the administration of the program, towards realizing the desired outcomes (Rondinelli et al. 326). The main difference of this hourly rounding program from others will be that the routinized approach will be abandoned, and flexibility will be maintained at all stages of program implementation. The implementation of the program will employ a person-centered approach to realize the anticipated changes; the person-centered approach will be instrumental in changing the cultural values of the care facility, so as to ensure the effectiveness of the program. The hourly rounding program will involve the medical personnel and also the leaders of the facility, where the cooperative effort of the two groups will be instrumental in

WASHINGTON CONSENSUS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

WASHINGTON CONSENSUS - Essay Example Only the annual budget of Nestle grew more than any African country under this globalisation of economy (Robert N. Gwynne and Cristbal Kay 1999). So the launch of these reforms in the name of structural adjusment programmes on the advice of IMF and world Bank there has attracted a lot of criticism in the thirld world countries. The policies that were originally formed to give a boost to the GNPs and GDPs of the least developed and developing countries in the world.But on the contrary in most of the economies these policy presciptions have played havoc with the unemployement and poverty due to the capitalism's tantacles wide spread from the first world in the poor countries. The major criticism has come from latin american and ex-soviet republics . They majorly see the capitalism as the main monster creeping in the world on the wheels of the multinalnal companies.Ultimately the buzzwords of globalization, capitalism, neo-liberal agenda and Washington Consensus became familiar and syno nymous to each other. People in the third world have been debating these terms ever since early 1950s. Most of them argue that there is an important sense in which disagreements on the character and consequences of capitalist ways of organizing economic life actually triggered the nineteenth century emergence of modern social science. This disagreement in the ex socialist and some Latin states stands at the center of the twentieth century political debate on how best to organize advanced industrial societies; and they remain main elements dividing capitalist societies, in former communist societies, and in whole of the under-developed... There is no denying the fact that the policy prescriptions under the Washington Consensus have widely been criticized from all around the world. This situation has basically arisen from immediate debacle of soviet republics and the transitional economies were not ready for reforms immediately. The Latin America, south Asia and Africa were not ready as yet. Those countries that blindly adopted these policies did not have a better taste of these policies. People reacted badly and results were not favorable politically. The economic reforms have to be adopted very prudently, slowly and gradually in all political wisdom by the leaders. But this is also a fact that free market economies are the order of the day. The WTO has at least now been setting favorable incentives for the least developed and underdeveloped world. The international competition cannot be beaten by mere agitation from the third world. The reform in the production process and compliance with the ISO certifications and i ntellectual property rights has to be complied with all the countries in the world equally. However the safety nets for the protection of poorest of the poor people have to be provided by the respective governments. It is still widely believed that growth in GDPs is not vastly trickling down to the poor segments of society. Corruption in the developing countries is rampant and rich elite is taking the advantages of new reforms. Poor have to be defended any way.

Conversational Valence and Binge Drinking Relationship

Conversational Valence and Binge Drinking Relationship Results Manipulation check First, a manipulation check was conducted in order to check if the different conditions (valence and activeness) led to the intended positive/negative and active/passive responses, respectively. For this purpose, univariate analyses of variance (ANOVAS) were conducted with valence conditions as independent and valence as dependent variables. The results revealed a statistically significant effect of valence condition on the participants’ valence F(1,129): 80.94, p=.000, (M=3.80, SD=1.41) and on the partner’s valence F(1,129): 61.09, p=.000, (M=3.93, SD=1.50). Furthermore, the results revealed a statistically significant effect of the participants’ activeness condition on the level of activeness F(1,129): 41.73, p=.000, (M=4.47, SD=1.53) and a marginally significant effect of the partners’ activeness F(1,129): 3.76, p=.055, (M=5.09, SD=1.25). Additionally, we examined the extent to which participants followed the instructions and responded to the assigned role. For this reason, we conducted a crosstabulation check, which indicated that the 63.6% of the individuals assigned to the negative condition, perceived the conversation as negative whereas 33.3% as neither negative nor positive and 3.0% as positive. Also, 53.8% of the individuals in the positive condition perceived the conversation as positive, whereas 30.8% and 15.4% of the participants perceived the conversation as neither negative nor positive, and negative, respectively. Moreover, 52.9% of the individuals in the passive condition perceived that they have spoken passively. However, the majority (84.1%) of the individuals assigned to the active condition perceived that they have spoken as instructed.[1] The effect of conversational valence on binge drinking determinants To investigate H1 (i.e. whether conversational valence influenced attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and intention towards binge drinking) four univariate Analyses of Variance (ANOVAs) were conducted with conversational valence condition as the independent variable and attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and intention as the dependent variables. The results indicated a significant main effect of valence on attitude F(1,129): 8.53, p=.004, which means that participants with positive conversational valence about alcohol received higher binge drinking attitude (M=3.85, SD=1.32) than those with negative (M=3.20, SD=1.23). Similarly, a significant main effect of valence on perceived behavioral control F(1,129): 4.82, p=.030 was indicated, revealing that those in who were engaged in positively valence conversation had higher perceived behavioral control (M=4.48, SD=1.90) than those in negatively valence conversation (M=3.75, SD=1.93). Furthermore, a marginally significant main effect on subjective norm F(1,129): 3.25, p=.074, was revealed. This means that participants with positive conversational valence had higher subjective norm (M=3.61, SD =1.62) than those with negative (M=3.09, SD=1.70). However, a non-significant main effect on intention F(1,129): 0.08, p=.782. was found, and the binge drinking intention did not differ significantly across the two valence conditions (M=2.48, SD=1.51 and M=2.40, SD=1.70 respectively). As it is revealed, positive conversational valence about alcohol elicits more positive binge drinking attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control compared to negative conversational valence. Moreover, more positive binge drinking intention is indicated in positively valenced conversations, although the difference is not statistically significant. Therefore, according to these results, H1 was largely supported. Furthermore, according to previous research, four linear regression analyses with conversational valence as the predictor and attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control and intention as the dependent variables were conducted in order to explore if the conversational valence predicts the binge drinking determinants. The results are presented in Table 1. A more negative conversational valence about alcohol significantly predicts more negative attitude (ÃŽ ²=.25, p=.004) and perceived behavioral control (ÃŽ ²=.02, p=.030) toward binge drinking. Also, a more negative conversational valence about alcohol marginally significantly predicts more negative subjective norm towards binge drinking (ÃŽ ²=.16, p=.074). However, binge drinking intention is not significantly predicted by the conversational valence (ÃŽ ²=.02, p=.782). Table 1: Relationships between conversational valence and attitude, subjective norm perceived behavioral control, and intention The effect of activeness and conversational valence on alcohol determinants In order to explore the effect of activeness on attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control and intentions as well as the interaction between activeness and conversational valence, four univariate ANOVAs were conducted with conversational valence and activeness as the independent variables, and attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and intention as the dependent variables. The results revealed a non significant effect (p F(1,127): .69, p=.409, perceived behavioral control F(1,127): .69, p=.409, subjective norm F(1,127):1.08, p=.301, and intentions F(1,127): 1.28, p=.260. Additionally, the results revealed a non-significant interaction effect between valence and activeness (attitude F(1,127): 1.44, p=.233, perceived behavioral control F(1,127): 1.38, p=.537, subjective norm F(1,127):1.00, p=.319 and intention F(1,127): .40, p=.527). The result scores of the key variables of the study can be found in Figure 1. Figure 1: Mean scores of binge drinking determinants across valence and activeness conditions Concluding, our results indicate that whereas conversational valence significantly influences binge drinking determinants (attitude, perceived control, subjective norm), the level of active participation in a conversation had no significant effect on these factors. Discussion The main objective of the study was to provide a profound understanding of the influence of interpersonal communication on alcohol determinants, by manipulating two different facets: conversational valence and level of active participation in the conversation. We first hypothesized that a more positive (negative) conversational valence about alcohol elicits more positive (negative) binge drinking attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control and increases (decreases) binge drinking intention (Hypothesis 1). An additional hypothesis was that the influence of conversational valence depends on the level of active participation in the conversation about alcohol (Hypothesis 2). The results of the study partly supported H1, but not H2. Two important conclusions can be drawn based on our results. First, when participants speak positively (negatively) about alcohol, their attitude, behavioral control, subjective norm towards binge drinking are more positive (negative). However, the intention to (refrain from) binge drinking is not significantly influenced by the conversational valence. Second, there is neither significant effect of the level of activeness in the conversation on alcohol determinants, nor a significant interaction effect of the activeness with the conversational valence. The first main conclusion conceptually replicates previous results, which proposed that the conversational valence in alcohol-related discussions influences the binge drinking determinants (e.g. Hendriks et al. 2012). Nevertheless, the results of the current study do not indicate a significant influence of the conversational valence on the intention to binge drink. Although, the concept of conversational valence has also been addressed in previous research (e.g. Hendriks, De Bruijn, Van den Putte, 2012; Hendriks et al., 2012), this study was the first to examine this factor by manipulating it. Thus, the discrepancy between the current study and previous research may be due to differences in research designs. As the conversational valence was experimentally manipulated in this study, it is assumed that conversational valence causally provokes changes in binge drinking predictors. However, the fact that participants are instructed to speak in either a positive or a negative way about alcohol, may be opposed to their actual views (negative/positive) and role (passive/active) in a conversation resulting in a non significant effect of the conversation in their binge drinking intention. Therefore, although an instructed conversation may be effective in influencing attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control, it is not sufficient and may take a longer time to change the participants’ intention to binge-drink. Additionally, according to previous studies (Jamison and Myers, 2008) the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) was relatively weak in explaining intention to binge-drink. Also, it was found (Armitage Conner, 2001) that the TPB accounted for only 39% of variance in the intention to binge drink. Thus, as Gibbond, Houlihan Gerrard, 2009) supported, the TPB cannot thoroughly define the irrational nature of health risk behaviours. An additional finding is that participants reported a high level of perceived behavioural control (PBC) in all the four conditions and showed the largest differences between the valence and between the activeness conditions. Notably, as Norman, Bennettand Lewis (1998) supported, the control factor is the most important determinant in binge drinking. Moreover, as previous research suggested, perceived behavioural control and subjective norm may affect intention indirectly through attitude formation (Susanto Goodwin, 2013; Chung et al., 2012; Tarkiainen Sundqvist, 2005). †¦.As in other studies in the domain of binge-drinking (Johnston et al., 2003), in our research we employed single construct measures of general perceived behavioral control (we do not distinguish between self-efficacy and perceived controllability), which tap the extent to which behavioral performance is believed to be easy or difficult (Armitage Corner, 2001). Admittedly, research revealed that only self-efficacy predicts binge-drinking intention (Norman, 2011; Normal et al., 2007). Further research distinguishing these two components of perceived behavioral control is therefore required. We suggest one reason for the non-significant influence of perceived behavioural control on intention to binge drink In addition, the second goal of this study was to introduce a new factor that may influence the effect of interpersonal communication about alcohol on binge drinking determinants. For this purpose, we investigated how the level of activeness in a conversation (active vs. passive) influences binge drinking predictors and how this interacts with the effect of conversational valence in conversations about alcohol. In order to investigate this we instructed participants to speak either actively or passively in positively or negatively valenced alcohol conversations. This factor has not been explicitly explored in the past, thus this research provides preliminary evidence on this topic. Although no significant main effect of activeness on alcohol determinants was found in the analyses, positive valence and high activeness in the conversation result in the most unhealthy alcohol determinants (attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, intention), as predicted. Respectively, negative valence and high activeness result in the most healthy alcohol attitude. Overall, despite encouraging results from the manipulation checks, the hypotheses were partly (H1) or not supported (H2). In fact, further exploration of the manipulation outcome revealed significant deviations from the instructed valence and activeness conditions, thus a great percentage of participants demonstrated either that they have not complied with the manipulation or that they unconsciously deviated from the instructions. On the one hand, it may be possible that some participants were affected by their existed views when discussing about alcohol and resisted to the counter-attitudinal message such that they did not talk in line with the condition that they were assigned to. One the other hand, people may have perceived the valence that they have talked differently comparatively to how they did actually talk. As recent research suggested, ( Hendriks, Van de Putte de Bruijn, 2015) perceived valence significantly influences attitudes and intention to binge drink. Similarly, personal characteristics (talkative/ concise) of people may intervene in the way that they finally act during the discussion. In particular, as the analyses demonstrated, only 52,9 of the participants who were instructed to talk passively, perceived their role in the conversation as passive. Generally, extroverts who want to talk more, perhaps they didn’t support the instructed passive role hence the difference between the two conditions hasn’t influenced significantly the alcohol determinants itself, nor interacted with the valence condition to †¦ Markedly, there wasn’t an effective way to take into consideration the partners’ evaluations during the main analyses, rendering some items partly ineffective to objectively evaluate the content of conversations about alcohol. Nonetheless, according to the shared reality theory (Hardin Higgins, 1996), there is an interdependence between dyad partners’ responses on the outcomes of interest that may also influence the attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control and intention toward binge drinking. As this theory suggests, through the process of interpersonal communication, discoursers come to a shared understanding of the world, mutually reinforcing one another’s experience. Nevertheless, in real –life settings, these determinants may influence how negatively or positively people talk about alcohol-related topics, thus conversational valence and activeness can influence the determinants of binge drinking behavior, and these binge drinking determinants may inversely influence whether and how positively/negatively or actively/passively people discuss this issue. Implications The present findings have important implications for understanding binge-drinking and developing health interventions. we found support for the effect of conversational valence on attitudes, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control. Therefore, in future health campaigns, targeted in creating more negative attitudes, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control (but not intention) to binge drink, an effective strategy to use would be to stimulate people to discuss negatively about alcohol. To change attitudes towards binge drinking, interventions should highlight the negative consequences associated with binge drinking and challenge the perceived positive consequences of binge drinking. Alternatively But if it was the change of intention/behavior= another campaign planning would be needed Limitations This study adds to a growing body of research examining factors predicting binge drinking among student populations, however, there is a number of methodological issues that should be considered when interpreting the results. First, binge drinking attitudes, subjective norm and PBC were measured using self-reports, which are vulnerable to cognitive (e.g., Luchins, 1957), affective (e.g., Bower, 1992) and self-presentational (e.g., Paulhus, 2002) biases. Armitage and Conner (2001) reported that the TPB provides stronger predictions of self-report behaviors than observed behaviors. Therefore employing alternative observational techniques (e.g. nominated peers) may be useful in revealing the qualities of the drinking environment that directly influence binge drinking (Van de Goor et al.,1990) although these also have their own limitations (Gill, 2002) Another limitation is as other studies using the TPB to understand student binge drinking behavior, they have not examined beliefs about drinking alcohol. Given that according to Ajzen (1991), beliefs are the ultimate psychological determinants of behavior one needs to alter those beliefs (Ajzen, 2007) in order to bring about change in behaviour, or at least intentions to perform a behaviour, Thus, to design interventions to alter intentions to binge drink in students, one needs to know not only what are the salient beliefs regarding this behaviour in this population, but also which beliefs are associated with intentions and behaviour (Sutton, 2002; Sutton, 2010). -Manipulation of activeness Our sample included English-speaking students with different cultures, thus different perception of (binge) drinking. Interestingly, research has shown that the society’s culture of alcohol determines how much people drink in that community (Heath, 1982).Communities with a culture of drinking have much higher rates of binge drinking, while communities where drinking is disapproved have lower binge drinking rates Conclusion Considering the prevalence of binge drinking as well as the damaging consequences especially in young people we conducted this research in the context of alcohol in student populations. This research highlights the need to broaden the context in which conversations about alcohol are examined. More effective measurement tools in research about alcohol, coupled with improvements in alcohol prevention, will hopefully lead to a downward trend of alcohol use among students and the negative consequences of binge drinking . Therefore, when participants were instructed to discuss about alcohol in either positive or negative aspect, their attitude, subjective norm and behavioral control were influenced by the conversational content whereas intention to refrain from binge drinking was not significantly affected by the conversation [1] A univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to check whether the active condition influenced feelings of power. The results indicated a marginally significant effect of activeness on mean power F(1,129): 3.22, p=.07. Thus, participants who were assigned in the active condition have experienced feelings of power M=5.29, SD=0.69 more in comparison to those who had been assigned to the passive condition (M=5.04, SD=.92). However, no statistically significant effect of valence on mean power was revealed F(1,129): .001, p=.971.

deer :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The fur of the whitetail deer is a grayish color in the winter then more red comes out during the summer. Only the bucks have antlers. Young males begin to grow their antlers in the spring, then towards the fall the skin on their antlers begins to deteriorate. The velvet is very itchy and the young male will rub its new antlers on anything possible. The average height of the deer is between 3 – 3.5 ft. Their tail length is about 30 cm. in length. Their weight ranges from 100 – 350 pounds.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bucks are usually solitary but sometimes they may travel in a small group. Deer usually herd together during winter months to conserve energy. Their territory is usually small depending on the food supply. If there is a good food source in a certain area, the deer will have a smaller home range. More traveling is needed if the food source is less abundant. In eastern forests, buds and twigs of maple, sassafras, poplar, aspen, and birch are consumed, as well as many shrubs. In the desert areas, plants such as huajillo brush, yucca, prickly pear cactus, comal, ratama, and various tough shrubs may be the deer’s main diet components. Conifers are often utilized in winter when other foods are scarce. They are crepuscular animals, feeding mainly from before dawn until several hours after, and again from late afternoon until dusk.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Most white-tailed deer mate after their second year, especially males. Females have been found to mate as early as seven months. Bucks are polygamous although they may form an attachment and stay with a single doe for several days or even weeks until she reaches oestrus. Mating occurs from October to December and gestation is approximately 6 and a half months. In her first breeding, a female generally has one fawn, but 2 per litter are born in subse2quent years. Fawns are able to walk at birth and nibble on vegetation only a few days later. They are weaned at approximately six weeks. Life span in the wild is about 10 years, but whitetail deer have lived up to 20 years in captivity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  They are able to live in a variety of terrestrial habitats, from the big woods of northern Maine to the deep saw grass and hammock swamps of Florida. They also inhabit farmlands, brushy areas and such desolate areas of the west such as the cactus and thornbrush deserts of southern Texas and Mexico.

Book Report: Road Trip Essay

II. Theme The book is basically all about having God in your life. The book determines how great is our God, what would our life be with God on our side, what would happen if we let God control our life, what is christian life, how to live a christian life, how to overcome problems, how to overcome temptations and how to trust God. The book is dedicated for me, you, and all of us. Preferably, this book is for teenagers, as I’ve read the book, the use of words, the structure of the sentences, and the concepts are for teen-agers. It can be assumed that the author chose these methods to catch the attention of the teenagers. Technically this is for teenagers; however, the author stated that â€Å"This book is dedicated to you. I have been praying for you even before I started writing this book. Here I am, wishing that you find where you need to be in life’s journey† (Dela Torre, 2009). This statement would prove that this book is suitable for all ages since the author wanted everyone to read his work for them to experience God. This book is literally made for all of us. Every Christian’s burden is to introduce God to the unbelievers and to save their souls through Jesus Christ. This is the author’s purpose of writing this book, to bring hope for the people, to bring happiness to the people and to give Jesus to them. The author desires every reader to accept Jesus Christ in their life through this book for them to have a better life and for them to be saved from all their sins. There are three major matters that author wanted to pin point. First, teaching Christians and the New Christians how to live a God-Centered life; to let God be in the â€Å"Driver seat† of their life by letting God be in full control of their lives. This can only be done by accepting Jesus as your Lord and Savior and by repenting from all your sins; everything will follow after receiving Jesus. Second is, overcoming trials and temptations. There are no doubts that problems and temptations will occur so often when you become a Christian, this is because the enemy wanted to take us away from God. Though the enemy is persistent from his temptations and lies, God is still more powerful, way more powerful than Satan. This is the reason why we should cling and trust more to Jesus in times of trial for this will make us stronger Christians. And lastly, trusting God in everything. As Christians, we should trust God in our everyday lives, we should trust him in his timing, and we should trust him in times of trials and pain. We should trust God on each step we make as we draw closer to Him. III. Chapters Intro: Ready for road trip? – This chapter describes a typical teenage life. Having all the means, all the gadgets, all the technology to make things simpler, easier, entertaining and especially fun and yet they find their lives boring and unproductive. This is what most teenager life is; having everything they could ask for and yet they are incapable of noticing it until they realize that it’s gone. Chapter 1 (Out of the Driver’s seat) – Having everything won’t make us complete. Even the richest man in the world would still feel empty and blue even if he could have everything. Ever wondered why? The chapter shows that life without God is nothing and money can’t buy everything. Chapter 2 (Need Directions?) – God knows best, life with God means giving up everything to God and allowing Him to take control of your life. What the author wanted to point out is, God’s plan for us is better than ours, we should trust God in his plans for He will let us prosper and grow. What God is asking for us is to have faith in him; put Him first in everything we do, and glorify him in every step we take. Chapter 3 (Through Smooth and Bumpy Roads) – Being a Christian doesn’t mean having problem-free and stress-free life. Being a Christian gives us hope in trials and strength to face it unlike the unbelievers who would just fold and quit in life. People asks favors from God and God has three responses for every person’s favors. First is yes, second is no and third is wait. Just like the previous chapter (Chapter 2), we Christians should realize that God won’t give us everything we ask for if this will harm us in the future and we should hold on to God’s promise that his plans for us will make us prosper. Chapter 4 (Travel Light) – â€Å"Travel Light† in this chapter, the author tells us that letting go of your pride is letting your heart be free of anger and grudges that you are holding against the other. Forgiveness in one form of love, Christians learned how to forgive because God became a great model of forgiveness. He gave His only Son to forgive us from our sins and this what every Christians should do, forgive others just like how God forgave you. Having a heavy heart because of pride, anger, hatred and grudges will be a barrier to experience a happy and light heart with God. Chapter 5 (When the Sign Says Yield) – How to express our love to God? This chapter explains us how to show our love for God and this is by being obedient with everything God told us, by being committed to God and giving up everything to God. Chapter 6 (Warning: Potholes ahead) – Since we became Christians, the enemy worked double time to tempt us with his lies just to bring us back to him and to drag us away from God. This is why our mind is the battlefield between the Good and Bad, and the only solution to overcome the enemy is by asking God’s guidance for we all know that â€Å"Greater is He that’s in me than he that is in the world†. Chapter 7 (Read the Manual) – This chapter reveals the value of reading and meditating God’s word (The Bible). The Bible gives every Christians strength each day, gives them more promises that God has in store, and give them knowledge on how great is the God they are serving. Chapter 8 (Gas Up) – Praying will keep us going in our Christian life. Without prayers, life would be miserable, out of focus and nowhere to go. Not praying is one way of saying that we don’t need God’s guidance and this is a bad sign for a Christian life for this may cause â€Å"coldness† with your relationship with God. This is the reason why we should pray day and night for us to be filled with God’s grace and to know Christ more and more and deeper and deeper. Chapter 9 (Reverse and Look Up) – This chapter shows how Jesus died on the cross and why Jesus died on the cross. The main reason why Jesus was nailed on the cross is because of us, to free us from our sins. That’s how much God loves us; he sacrificed his only son to free us from our sins. With these things being said, the author also gave the reasons why we should worship God for the things He had done for us. Chapter 10 (Notes From Your Fellow Road Tripper) – This chapter wraps up the whole book and telling all the readers that this is only the beginning and the best is yet to come. We should expect more from God and we should be eager to know Him more and more. IV. Personal Perspective I definitely enjoyed the book; it taught me how to be close to God in a â€Å"cool† way, how to deal with problems, how to live a Godly life, what are the do’s and don’ts of being a Christian, how to glorify God and it gave me more reasons why I should praise God when in fact, we can’t count the reasons why we should praise Him for it is endless. This book brings back the â€Å"fire† in my heart to be close again with God. This book brings up the common problems of teenagers that why I easily relate what the book says and the author’s writing style is a bit humorous and fancy that causes me to read it more. This book helped me a lot. I agree on everything the author said but what struck my heart most is when the author talks about God’s love for us. I just feel so blessed that we have a God like Him that love us unconditionally and unfailing, I can’t argue that God love us for I feel God’s love for me in every way. The three principles that I would apply in my life are; to always obey God; never forget to pray, and worship Him and glorify Him in everything I do. Obeying God is a form of love that’s why I want to show Him my love by being obedient on anything He says. His plans for me are better than mine that is why this assures that everything He asks me to do will prosper me and make me better. Having communication with God is a must for me, this will make me closer to Him and I can do this by prayer and reading the bible. This is just like every relationship, every relationship need communication in order for it to be deeper. Having communication with God every now and then will make your faith grow even more. Worshipping God must be my lifestyle, it just feels good to worship God it is indescribable. Life seems all better when you anything you do is for the glory of God. This is what every people in love with God should do. I would definitely recommend this book; this might change lives of other people just like what happened to me. I believe that God blessed this book to change the lives of the unbelievers and to revive the â€Å"stagnant Christian†. We can learn so much from this book like how God loves us, how to deal with problems, what to do in life, how to be happy and a lot more. I’m not sure if the author has any other book but if he does, I will definitely read it. I’m sure that his other books will make me grow more in my Christian life and I will learn more of God. V. Conclusion This book changed my life; it made my Christian life alive again and revived my relationship with God. I was once a Christian but I walked away from God because of sins, temptations and all the lies of the enemy. While I was reading this book, it seems like I’m a new Christian, I’m so eager to know more about God and how to worship him. It brought back the old me that love God so much and willing to serve our Lord in every ways. Even though I’m an old Christian, remembering how God paid for our sin still makes my heart cry out. We are so blessed that God loves us so much, and with that, we should give Him back all the glory by giving our hearts to Him and to worship in every breathe we take. To God be all the glory!